75%二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂(龙拳)防除冬油菜田杂草试验效果

田间试验结果表明:75%二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂(龙拳)75g/hm2对油菜田稻槎菜的防效药后30d在90%以上,药后60d对稻槎菜、牛繁缕的株防效、鲜重防效也均在92%以上。75%二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂(龙拳) 50%草除灵悬浮剂(高特克)混配施用,可提高对牛繁缕等其他阔叶杂草的防除效果,且对油菜生长安全。     

杀菌剂异丙菌胺原药的反相高效液相色谱分析方法

采用高效液相色谱法,以乙腈-水(体积比70∶30)为流动相,使用以ZORBAX E-clipse XDB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,柱温25℃,流速1.0mL/min,在220nm波长下,对杀菌剂异丙菌胺原药样品进行定性定量分析。结果表明:异丙菌胺浓度为1.6～200μg/mL范围内,方法线性相关系数为0.999 9,标准偏差为0.26,变异系数为0.27%,平均回收率为99.96%。     

稻纵卷叶螟控制方法研究进展

近年来,稻纵卷叶螟已成为害水稻的重要害虫。结合生产实际,介绍稻纵卷叶螟的发生、分布、危害情况,重点讨论了控制稻纵卷叶螟发生的新方法和技术,指出存在的问题及对策。     

Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

13种杀虫剂防治茶尺蠖室内药效试验

本文报道了13种杀虫剂在室内水培茶树枝条上模拟田间喷雾对茶尺蠖的药效试验。结果表明：乙基多杀菌素60克／升悬浮剂3000倍液、甲胺基阿维茵素苯甲酸盐3％微乳剂15000倍液、甲氧虫酰肼240克／升悬浮剂5000倍液、氰氟虫腙240克／升悬浮剂1500倍液．药后7d的防效均在91％以上,虫酰肼20％悬浮剂1000倍液的防效为86．48％．虽然氟虫双酰胺20％水分散粒剂6000倍液的防效稍低于上述5个处理的防效,但虫粪干重为第二少．其保叶效果仅次于乙基多杀菌素60克／升悬浮剂。因此,乙基多杀菌素60克／升悬浮剂、甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐3％微乳剂、甲氧虫酰肼240克／升悬浮剂、氰氟虫腙240克／升悬浮剂、虫酰肼20％悬浮剂、氟虫双酰胺20％水分散粒剂是比较理想的防治茶尺蠖的首选药剂．建议在茶园轮换使用。而对照药剂联苯菊酯10％乳油3000倍液对茶尺蠖的防效仅为23％．已不适合用于防治茶尺蠖。     

乌副盔蚧的生物学及其防治研究

乌副盔蚧Parasaissetia nigra(Nietner)是柑桔及许多园林植物的一种重要害虫,在广州一年发生8～9代,各代历期变化为28～66天。雌成虫产卵量为64～208粒,卵的孵化率高达95～100%。第1龄爬行若虫的出壳高峰在上午10时左右。该虫的种群数量秋季明显上升。调查得到寄生性和捕食性天敌共9种,5种寄生蜂中,以胶蚧红眼啮小蜂Tetrastichus purpureus和日本软蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus japonicus两种为最主要。杀虫剂试验表明,用2.5%溴氰菊酯1:2000倍液喷雾或以40%氧化乐果1:6倍液涂干可防治此虫。     

云南番茄褪绿病毒和菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒复合侵染番茄的分子鉴定

正菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus是双生病毒科Geminiviridae中病毒种类最多且最具经济毁灭性的病毒属(Martelli et al.,2011)。云南省楚雄州元谋县是我国重要反季节蔬菜种植基地,番茄是该县主要的反季节种植蔬菜,由于气候条件适宜,该地区番茄受菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒危害严重。近年来     

墨西哥斑皮蠹幼虫形态特征识别

墨西哥斑皮蠹是一种危害性很大的杂食性仓库害虫。我国尚无记载。其幼虫形态特征描述目前国内尚无报导。该幼虫与同属常见的谷斑皮蠹、花斑皮蠹、黑斑皮蠹幼虫在形态特征上极为相似,外观难以区别。本文对墨西哥斑皮蠹幼虫形态特征进行较详细的描述,并以检索表形式与同属3个常见的近似种进行鉴别。     

烟草根际细菌铜绿假单胞菌swu31-2的定殖能力及其对烟草青枯病的防治作用

从重庆黔江烟草田间分离获得一株烟草青枯菌拮抗菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa swu31 2（简称swu31 2）。采用逐步提高药物浓度的方法,筛选获得了抗链霉素300 μg/mL对烟草青枯病菌拮抗活性稳定的swu31 2突变菌株。采用灌根接种法,研究其在烟草根、茎和叶表面及内部的定殖能力及其对烟草青枯病的防治作用。结果表明,swu31 2能在烟草各组织的表面及内部定殖。该菌株在烟草各组织内部的数量均表现为“由增到减”的趋势。在接种后第8天定殖数量达到最高峰,随后有所下降;到第20天各组织内的数量仍然维持较高水平（105 cfu/g 以上）。同时,在接种20 d后,烟草的根、茎和叶的表面仍然可以检测到swu31 2的存在。盆栽试验结果表明,swu31 2的菌液和活性物质对烟草青枯病均有一定的防治效果。其中先施swu31 2菌液和活性物质粗提物的防效好于农用链霉素（51.25%）,分别为60.87%和 60.32%,而后施菌液和活性物质粗提物的防效也分别达39.50%和20.90%。