农抗SH—62产生菌原生质体再生菌株的筛选和再生菌株R-4发酵规律的初步研究

本文报道了农抗SH—62产生菌原生质体再生菌株的筛选和再生菌株R—4的发酵规律。试验表明,通过摇瓶的初筛和复筛,从活性比出发菌株要强的202株再生菌株中,找出R—4、R—66和R—72三株活性最强而又稳定的再生菌株。在再生菌株R—4的发酵试验中,选出了该菌株的最佳发酵培养基为1号培养基,并证明这个菌株对溶氧量并不敏感,在偏碱条件下有利于生长和产素,发酵周期为72小时等最适发酵条件。     

皮南牛培育及新品种审定工作进展

1986年以来,以南阳牛为母本,引进意大利皮埃蒙特牛为父本,通过杂交创新、横交固定、世代选育培育皮南牛(外血75%)。采用常规育种与全基因组选择选育相结合,实现了精准选育,提高了选择效率。培育的皮南牛屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积大等优点,已基本具备新品种申报条件。     

贵州喀斯特山区冬闲田土种草模式与特点分析

贵州省是一个典型的喀斯特山区省份,人多地少,人均耕地面积0.047 hm2,仅为全国平均水平0.094 hm2的50%.因此,通过转变畜牧业生产方式,大力开展冬闲田土种草养畜,可以有效地促进农民增收致富.在对贵州省2005年冬闲田土种草情况进行调研的基础上,提出了加强冬闲田土种草的建议.     

贵州草地畜牧业国际标准化体系经济核算的方法和作用

在草地畜牧业标准化的生产经营管理中,成本利润分析和经济核算的方法占有十分重要的位置,因为任何管理决策都要对成本和利润进行分析,只有降低成本和增加利润的方案,才是可接受的方案。初步探讨在建立贵州草地畜牧业国际标准化体系的过程中可能出现的成本利润分析和经济核算的方法。尝试介绍一些能运用于实际生产中的方法和表格,以帮助农户和技术人员更加方便地掌握成本利润分析和经济核算的方法。     

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Study of Deep-Sea-Derived Butyrolactone I in Rats by UHPLC–MS/MS and UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS

Butyrolactone I (BTL-I) is a butanolide isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus sp. It provides a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of food allergies. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of BTL-I in rats. The metabolic profiles were obtained by UHPLC–Q-TOF-MS. As a result, eleven metabolites were structurally identified, and the proposed metabolic pathways of BTL-I were characterized. The main metabolites were the oxidative and glucuronidative metabolites. In addition, a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method was established for the quantitation of BTL-I in rat plasma (LOQ = 2 ng/mL). The method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of BTL-I in rats after oral administration or intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability was calculated as 6.29%, and the maximum plasma concentrations were 9.85 ± 1.54 ng/mL and 17.97 ± 1.36 ng/mL for intravenous and intragastric dosing groups, respectively.     

Bioactive Properties of Peptides and Polysaccharides Derived from Peanut Worms: A Review

Peanut worms (Sipunculids) are unsegmented marine worms that usually inhabit shallow waters. Peanut worms are good source of bioactive compounds including peptides and polysaccharides. Many recent studies have investigated the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides derived from peanut worms in order to enhance their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The peptides and polysaccharides isolated from peanut worms have been reported to possess anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hypoxia and wound healing activities through the modulation of various molecular mechanisms. Most researchers used in vitro, cell culture and animal models for the determination of bioactivities of peanut worm derived compounds. However, studies in humans have not been performed considerably. Therefore, it is important to conduct more human studies for better utilization of marine bioactive compounds (peptides and polysaccharides) derived from peanut worms. This review mainly focuses on the bioactive properties of peptides and polysaccharides of peanut worms and their molecular mechanisms.     

草地蝗虫在吸捕机吸捕条件下的特性

草地蝗虫活动的强弱受日照、空气温湿度、地表温度等环境因素的制约.在蝗虫活动较盛时,利用自行研制的草地蝗虫吸捕机吸捕蝗虫能收到一定的吸捕效果.研究了吸捕机的声、像以及气流干扰下对蝗虫跳跃高度、跳跃速度和跳跃方向等特性的影响.     

基于SPAD的西瓜氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥技术研究

为解决西瓜生产中存在盲目或过量氮肥施用导致的果实品质下降和氮素利用率低下等突出问题,开展了基于叶绿素仪测定值(SPAD值)的西瓜全生育期氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥技术研究,以期为利用SPAD仪建立田间西瓜氮素营养实时诊断技术、开发西瓜精准氮素养分管理模式提供理论依据。试验于2020—2021年在甘肃河西灌区的张掖市以‘金城5号’西瓜为材料,设置了0、80、160、240、320、400 kg/hm² 6个氮肥水平,通过研究不同施氮水平下西瓜关键生育时期不同叶位及叶片不同位置上的SPAD值、叶绿素含量、全氮含量的变化特征及其与西瓜产量、品质指标的相互关系,建立基于SPAD值进行西瓜氮素营养诊断与推荐施肥的实时氮肥管理(RTNM)模式,并开展RTNM模式的生产性验证。西瓜苗期顶一叶叶尖、伸蔓期顶三叶叶中、膨果期功能叶叶中位置SPAD值与叶片叶绿素、全氮含量相关性最佳,且变异系数小,是较为理想的指示叶或参照叶;通过指示叶SPAD值与西瓜产量、品质指标及施氮量的回归分析,获得西瓜产量超过60000 kg/hm²的SPAD阈值范围为苗期49.1～51.0、...     

氮磷钾镁硼肥对子莲产量形成的影响

验证江西省广昌县子莲产量的土壤养分限制因子,为指导子莲生产中肥料的合理施用提供科学依据。采用微区(2.25 m²)试验,研究了低镁低硼的莲田土壤上氮磷钾镁硼肥对子莲产量及其构成因素形成的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾镁硼配施(BF)显著提高了通芯莲子产量,与BF处理相比,BF处理基础上不施用氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、镁肥和硼肥处理的子莲产量分别减少了52.4%、9.5%、21.9%、36.2%和15.7%,低镁低硼土壤上不同肥料对子莲产量的影响为氮肥>镁肥>钾肥>硼肥>磷肥。产量动态结果表明,氮磷钾镁硼肥缺乏缩短了子莲快速增产期,收获中后期产量增幅减小。为保证子莲获得较高的产量,需延长快速增产期并提高增长期的增长速率。子莲产量构成因子结果表明,氮磷钾镁硼任一养分的缺乏都会降低子莲的有效莲蓬数、旬均心皮数、旬均结实率和旬均单粒重。施用氮肥显著增加通芯莲子的有效莲蓬数、旬均心皮数和旬均单粒重,施用硼肥增加了有效莲蓬数和旬均单粒重,施用磷肥、钾肥和镁肥增加了通芯莲子的有效莲蓬数。综上所述,低镁低硼莲田氮磷钾镁硼配施可显著提高子莲产量,通过提高子莲有效莲蓬数、旬均...     

芹菜资源及其保健功能的研究进展

介绍了近几年来对芹菜资源分布、生物学特性、地方品种收拳整理和国外品种引进利用研究的情况。综述了芹菜的营养价值和功能成分分析、生物活性物质的提取技术及其保健功能的药理和临床应用研究进展。