暗期间断在植物生长发育中的应用研究(英文)

暗期间断属于光周期调控技术,被广泛应用于植物的生长发育研究。通过对暗期间断的类型、应用和机理三个方面研究成果进行了综述,其中在暗期间断类型部分总结了光质、间断暗期的次数和间隔时间方面的研究;在暗期间断应用部分总结了在植物形态发生、生理和生物化学方面的相关研究。在此基础上,提出了暗期间断在分子生物学研究及森林资源保护中的应用前景。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

氮肥运筹对农大108产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡的影响

以农大108为试材,通过田间试验研究不同氮肥运筹方式对春玉米干物质积累、子粒产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,氮肥不同运筹方式增产效果差异显著,其中,1/3氮肥底施、2/3氮肥两次追肥(N3)处理增产效果最好,其次是1/4氮肥底施、3/4氮肥3次追肥(N4)处理,氮肥全部作底肥(N1)处理增产效果最小。分次施肥有利于子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率的提高;随着施肥次数的增加,子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率均呈上升趋势,以N4处理最佳,其次是N3处理。氮肥不同运筹方式氮素表观损失量差异显著,N1处理其表观损失量最高,N3处理最低。因此,N3处理有效促进了植株对氮素的吸收利用,显著增加了产量和子粒蛋白质产量,降低了氮素表观损失量,是最佳氮肥运筹方式。     

抗旱小麦新品种晋麦91号选育研究

晋麦91号是山西省农业科学院小麦研究所和中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心共同育成的抗旱高产小麦新品种。该品种具有产量高、稳产性好、抗逆性强、适应性广等特点。2010—2011年在山西省南部旱地区试中,平均产量3 048.0 kg/hm2,比对照晋麦47号增产7.9%;2011年在山西省南部旱地生产试验中,产量达3 180.0 kg/hm2,比对照增产8.8%。该品种2011年12月通过山西省品种审定委员会审定,适合山西省南部麦区旱地大面积推广种植。     

飞船搭载番茄种子SP1的生物学效应

研究了 4个番茄品种经飞船搭载后 ,番茄种子的发芽、植株生长、果实和抗病性的影响。结果表明 :搭载番茄种子的发芽率和发芽势有一定的变化 ,这种变化随品种而异。番茄种子经搭载处理后 ,其平均初花期推迟 0 7～ 5 4d ,且株间变异增加 ;植株有矮化的趋势。空间条件对番茄第一花序节位、花序间隔节位、小花数、座果率及果实大小有一定的影响。此外还发现在叶形、果色等有变异的植株     

北京春玉米机械粒收质量影响因素研究及品种筛选

2014～2016年在北京密云区和延庆区开展4个点次7组机械粒收试验。结果表明,破碎率均值为8.81%,高于《玉米收获机械技术条件(GB/T 21962-2008)》中规定子粒破碎率应≤5%的标准;杂质率均值为1.25%,总损失率为1.10%,分别低于≤3%和≤5%的国标标准。延迟10 d收获,供试6个品种玉米子粒含水率均值由25.9%降低到20.9%,下降了5个百分点,玉米收获质量得到显著改善,其中破碎率由5.71%下降到3.68%,降低了2.03个百分点。按双向平均作图法筛选出宁玉524,MC703,真金8号,登海9号和联创808等5个适宜机械粒收候选品种,其子粒含水率平均为23.27%,较对照郑单958低4.71个百分点;平均单产1 4921.7 kg/hm2,较郑单958对照高出14.87%。     

The Algorithm of Searching out the Least and Most Loops by Making Use of Direction Factor

Based upon the conception of the least loop,the most loop and direction factor presented by the author firstly,the algorithm of searching out the least and most loops has been designed.By building the adjoining matrix, confirming the start-point of searching,vectorizing the searching sides,calculating the direction factor of adjoining sides,we can search out the next side of the least loop or the most loop rapidly.With a valid searching side being confirmed at every searching and the searching scope being reduced by forming degenerate graph,the time compexity of the algorithm is much less. In the research of the automatic calculating system of construction quantities, the problem of houses partition and out-wall partition had been solved succesfully by utilizing this searching algorithm.     

Comparison of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and melatonin receptor type 1B immunoreactivity between young adult and aged canine spinal cord

Melatonin affects diverse physiological functions through its receptor and plays an important role in the central nervous system. In the present study, we compared immunoreactivity patterns of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), an enzyme essential for melatonin synthesis, and melatonin receptor type 1B (MT2) in the spinal cord of young adult (2~3 years) and aged (10~12 years) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AANAT-specific immunoreactivity was observed in the nuclei of spinal neurons, and was significantly increased in aged dog spinal neurons compared to young adult spinal neurons. MT2-specific immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of spinal neurons, and was predominantly increased in the margin of the neuron cytoplasm in aged spinal cord compared to that in the young adult dogs. These increased levels of AANAT and MT2 immunoreactivity in aged spinal cord might be a feature of normal aging and associated with a feedback mechanism that compensates for decreased production of melatonin during aging.     

特色杂粮收获机械化现状、技术分析及装备需求

我国是杂粮生产大国,杂粮机械化收获已成为杂粮产业发展的重大制约因素。结合我国杂粮生产实际,在分析谷子、荞麦、燕麦和青稞等杂粮作物机械化收获现状的基础上,对杂粮机械化收获存在的问题进行探讨,提出实现杂粮机械化收获所需的技术与装备。      

主要农作物秸秆养分资源现状及其肥料替代潜力分析——以安徽省为例

安徽省农作物秸秆资源丰富,充分利用秸秆养分资源对于农田养分投入的合理分配具有重要意义。评估全省主要农作物秸秆还田当季有效养分替代化肥潜力,可为安徽省减肥增效提供科学依据。本研究以安徽种植面积较大的主要农作物水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、花生和油菜为研究对象,通过查阅安徽省统计数据和公开发表的文献资料,对2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆数量、秸秆还田率以及还田当季养分利用率进行估算,明晰了全省化肥减施潜力。结果表明:2017年安徽省主要农作物秸秆资源量为4 699.9万t,秸秆资源分布上呈北部和中部较多、南部最少的特征。秸秆养分资源总量为124.8万t,N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为38.1万t、11.4万t和75.3万t,分别占全省主要农作物养分需求的40.1%、32.1%和68.9%。理论上,秸秆全量还田,且养分充分利用的情况下,秸秆养分替代化肥潜力大。但秸秆养分N、P_2O_5和K_2O当季利用率分别为38.9%、52.3%和69.9%,实际秸秆N、P_2O_5和K_2O养分还田量仅占主要农作物养分需求的15.6%、16.8%和48.2%,分别占农田养分总投入量的8.6%、6.4%和41.4%。通过秸秆还田,全省可减施化肥63.3万t,减施比例为19.8%, N、P_2O_5和K_2O减施比例分别为11.4%、17.2%、40.7%。进一步提高秸秆还田率和当季养分释放率,是推进全省化肥减施增效的有利手段。