叶用银杏栽培密度及采叶方式的综合分析

本文对幼龄叶用银杏从不同密度、不同采叶方式,综合产叶量和黄酮含量两方面因素,对其药用价值进行了分析评价,结果表明：３ 年生幼龄叶用银杏种植密度以 ７．５ 万株／ｈｍ ２ 为佳,７．５～１１ 万株／ｈｍ ２ 均宜,年２ 次采叶包括 １／２ 采、全采和 １ 次性采叶对照 ３ 种采叶方式无显著性差异,以 １ 次性采叶为宜。     

广东贫困地区“科教兴村”工程及实施方案

广东省经济发达,但农业发展相对滞后,且农村经济社会发展存在区域性不平衡,其东西两翼和粤北有16个贫困县,严重影响广东省全面建设社会主义新农村的发展计划;因此,在广东贫困地区实施“科教兴村”工程十分必要。本文强调了在广东贫困地区实施“科教兴村”工程的必要性;分析了其实施的有利条件和不利因素;提出了具体的实施方案。     

Quantification of Shallow Groundwater Nutrient Dynamics in Septic Areas

Of all groundwater pollution sources, septic systems are the second largest source of groundwater nitrate contamination in USA. This study investigated shallow groundwater (SGW) nutrient dynamics in septic areas at the northern part of the Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida, USA. Thirty-five SGW-monitoring wells, located at nine different urban areas served by septic systems, were used to collect the SGW samples seasonally and/or biweekly for a duration of 3?years from 2003 to 2006. Analytical results showed that there were 16 wells with nitrate concentrations exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency's drinking water limit (10?mg?L^?1). There also were 11 and 14 wells with total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, respectively, exceeding the ambient water quality criteria (0.9?mg?L^?1 for TKN and 0.04?mg?L^?1 for TP) recommended for rivers and streams in nutrient Ecoregion XII (Southeast USA). In general, site variations are much greater than seasonal variations in SGW nutrient concentrations. A negative correlation existed between nitrate/nitrite?Cnitrogen (NO_x?CN) and TKN as well as between NO_x?CN and ammonium ( $ NH_4^{ + } $ ), whereas a positive correlation occurred between TKN and $ NH_4^{ + } $ . Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between reduction and oxidation (redox) potential and water level, while no correlation was observed between potassium concentration and redox potential. This study demonstrates a need to investigate the potential adverse impacts of SGW nutrients from the septic areas upon the deeper groundwater quality due to the nutrient penetration and upon the surface water quality due to the nutrient discharge.     

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau transect, China

The undisturbed regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway crossing the natural zones of montane desert, alpine meadow-steppe, and montane shrub-coniferous forest were chosen as the study areas. Soil samples were collected at 23 sites and the relations between the influencing factors and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) content were studied. The results indicated that the order of SOC content for the whole soil profile with different vegetations and in the horizontal direction was shown as below: forest>shrub>meadow>steppe>desert. All the SOC contents of the top 10 cm soil layers of forest, shrub and meadow vegetations, as well as that of the top 20 cm soil layers in steppe, in the vertical direction, were higher than those of corresponding lower soil layers. However, the SOC content in the desert soil was in accordance. The grey correlative analysis between the climatic factors and SOC content in the top soil show that precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting the distribution of SOC in the Tibetan Plateau transect. The influence of precipitation on the horizontal distribution of SOC decreased with the increase of precipitation in the horizontal direction. The vertical distribution of SOC along the soil profile was greatly affected by precipitation or the soil clay content in top soil layers, and was clearly influenced by soil silt content or sand content in lower soil layers, as well. The influences of both soil bulk density and soil pH on the vertical distribution of SOC along the soil profile gradually declined. The plant biomass was the most important biotic factors affecting the distribution of the SOC. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture & Life Sciences), 2007, 33(4): 443–449 [译自: 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)]     

甘肃省非物质文化遗产旅游开发SWOT分析

随着中国有越来越多的非物质文化遗产进入联合国非物质文化遗产名录,非物质文化遗产的保护日益受到社会各界的关注,以旅游开发来促进非物质文化遗产的保护和传承成为旅游界的一项新课题。甘肃拥有丰厚的非物质文化遗产,文中在全面介绍甘肃省非物质文化遗产赋存状况的基础上,运用SWOT分析法,详细分析了甘肃非物质文化遗产旅游开发的优势、...     

杂交制种稻粒黑粉病接种体芽殖附生阶段的研究

 稻粒黑粉病(Neovossia horrida)是一种田土积累、种子传带、花期侵染的严重病害。其初次侵染源是病菌的冬孢子。     

短梳角野螟的形态描述及幼虫虫龄判断

短梳角野螟Meroctena tullalis(Walker)是为害红花天料木Homalium hainanense Gagnep的重要食叶害虫,其形态描述和幼虫准确分龄是开展害虫生物生态学及林间防控研究的重要依据。本文采用林间采样与室内饲养相结合的方法,首次对短梳角野螟卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态及生活习性和生活史进行调查和描述。并通过测定头宽、头长和体长3项分龄指标,利用SPSS Statistics19.0统计软件对数据进行频次分析,结合戴氏法则和线性回归等试图探究准确划分幼虫虫龄的可靠方法。结果表明:短梳角野螟幼虫随龄期增长,幼虫颜色由浅黄绿色逐渐变为深绿色,头部由肉色逐渐变深,最后形成外围红褐色中间深肉色。通过频次分析统计,测得短梳角野螟幼虫虫龄为5龄;头宽可作为最佳分龄指标,且头宽测量指标平均值自然对数与幼虫龄期呈线性关系(y=0.181 6x-0.602 3,R2=0.999 1)。头长和体长统计检验,符合戴氏法则,但频次分析5个峰值不是很明显,且有部分区域重叠,只能作为划分虫龄的辅助指标。本研究确定了短梳角野螟各虫态的形态特征及划分幼虫龄期的最佳指标,以期为该虫林间防治提供生物学依据。     

百合花发育相关MADS box基因的克隆

 利用RT-PCR的方法，从百合中克隆得到了3个接近全长的花发育相关MADS box基因片段 LfMADS1-3。其中LfMADS1和LfMADS3以往未见报道，分别与多种作物的AG、SEP同源基因具有较高的同源性；LfMADS2与已发表的LMADS2对应区段的氨基酸同源性高达98.99%，推测可能是同一个基因。     

不同种植间距对香根草植物边坡优先流发育特征的影响

[目的]分析优先流在香根草边坡中的发育特征,研究植物根系与优先流之间的关系,为进一步研究降雨条件下植物根系对边坡土体稳定性的影响提供理论依据。[方法]以种植间距为50 cm和10 cm的香根草为研究对象,模拟30 mm和50 mm两种不同的降雨量,采用示踪剂试验研究了香根草边坡土壤的优先流发育特征。[结果]香根草种植间距从50 cm减少到10 cm会增大边坡的水力响应。在50 mm的降雨量作用下,10 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤的染色面积比率和优先流比分别是50 cm的1.55,1.76倍。表层土0—10 cm土层深度范围内染色路径数量变化不明显,在10—35 cm深度土层范围,10 cm种植间距的染色路径数量多于50 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤。当降雨量由30 mm增加至50 mm时,水流会通过优势通道更迅速迁移到边坡土壤中。降雨量为30 mm土壤的染色面积比率(36.11%)和优先流比(67.25%)小于50 mm土壤的染色面积比率(49.68%)和优先流比(79.96%),并且染色路径数量随着降雨量的增加而增多。[结论]香根草根系特征与优先流关系密切。选择植物护坡时,应合理选...     

镁基碱金属二元合金热力学性质的理论计算

本文运用Ｍｉｅｄｅｍａ理论，系统地计算了镁与碱金属组成的二元合金系统的液态混和焓和固态合金形成焓。根据理想溶液理论，还计算了Ｌｉ－Ｍｇ系统在１０００Ｋ时的熵、以及自由能－成分曲线，所得的结果同已有的实验结果和第一原理赝势方法计算的结果符合得比较好。