一套GPS两种功能的结合在水土保持监测中的应用研究

通过试验与分析,利用一套双频GPS进行单点定位与快速RTK技术的结合来快速测量水土流失面积,即:先用GPS单点适时定位完成控制测量,再利用RTK技术测量水土流失的边界,当超出RTK测量的有效范围时,再采用单点定位法进行控制点的加密,以便于继续RTK测量工作,直至测区边界的测量工作全部完成为止。这种方法简单、准确、经济,解决了水土保持监测中的面积度量问题,克服了由于国家三角点被破坏而受数量与分布的限制的缺点。     

不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布特征及差异分析

以8个苦荞品种为试验材料,研究不同苦荞品种花和籽粒在植株不同部位的分布特征及差异。结果表明,不同苦荞品种花和籽粒总数存在显著差异,其中川荞2号总花数、总籽粒数最高,分别为3 046.6和1 367.8,而川荞1号最少,分别为1 017.6和487.2,品种间总花数和总籽粒数变异系数分别为34.8%、29.0%。不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布呈现相同趋势,均主要分布于分枝上,分别占整株的76.3%和74.2%以上,且均显著高于主茎,分别高68.7%~87.0%和65.2%~84.5%。生产上可通过调控分枝的有效籽粒数来提高苦荞产量。     

混合盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗根系构型及生长量的影响

为探讨不同种类盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗生长状况的影响,采用室内培养的方法,研究总质量浓度为0.3%的NaCl、NaHCO₃单盐溶液及其不同配比的混合盐溶液胁迫对马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)幼苗生长量、地上部干鲜重比值、地下部干鲜重比值以及根系构型的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,0.3%NaCl溶液对叶数和株高增长量的影响最小,其次为3种混合盐溶液,各处理在第14天时株高增幅达到最大。经0.3%NaHCO₃处理后的幼苗地上部干鲜重的比值为空白对照的2.17倍,地下部干鲜重则为空白对照的56.61%,随着混合溶液中NaHCO₃浓度的上升,地上部干鲜重比值表现出上升的趋势,地下部干鲜重比值则表现出下降的趋势。经35天处理后,0.3%NaHCO₃胁迫的马蔺幼苗根系总长、根系表面积较对照均显著下降,降幅分别为39.73%、26.08%,而各处理间的根系体积却无显著差异。研究结果显示,0.3%NaHCO₃溶液对马蔺幼苗的胁迫作用最强,2种单盐对根系的胁迫作用强于混合盐胁迫,而0.3%NaCl溶液对生长量的胁迫作用最弱。     

中国泰和乌骨鸡MHC与其繁殖性能相关的研究

实验采用四种限制性内切酶（ＨｈａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＶ、ＨａｅⅢ、Ｘｂａｉ）,运用ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰＳ的方法,研究了泰和乌骨鸡ＭＨＣ分子遗传多态笥,探讨了各基因型与繁殖性能的相关关系,结果表明：四种酶切区别的Ｂ－ＬＩＩＢβ１外元的多态笥及ＭＨＣ基因组合型对蛋重及受精蛋孵化率影响差异均不显著。ＥｃｏＲＶ及ＸｂａＩ酶切多态性对产蛋数的多态性及ＭＨＣ基因组合型对蛋重及受精蛋孵化率影响差异均不显著。ＥｃｏＲＶ及Ｘｂ     

林分立木材积估计的新方法

利用相对树高曲线法建立杉木,马尾松的分树种和不分树种的模型,结合二元材积表估测林分和样地的立木蓄积,接近用二元材积表法估测立木蓄积的精度,比一元材积表法估测的精度有大幅度的提高。     

Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

纳帕海农田土壤氨氧化细菌的群落结构

为弄清不同季节纳帕海农田土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构的变化特征,选取代表性农田于干季和湿季采用梅花点法选取上(0~20cm)、下(20~40cm)两层土壤,结合环境因子探讨其对氨氧化细菌群落结构的影响。提取土壤总DNA,对amoA基因进行特异性扩增和高通量测序,并结合冗余分析法分析氨氧化细菌群落结构组成、丰度及其与土壤环境因子的关系,确定主要环境因子。结果表明:农田土壤有机质、全氮、水解性氮、速效磷、速效钾及硝态氮含量在湿季上层土壤中均最高,分别为70.79g/kg、2.90g/kg、389.04mg/kg、78.84mg/kg、768.92mg/kg和49.04mg/kg;干季上层土壤全磷和全钾含量为最高,分别为1.33g/kg和15.13g/kg。经高通量测序,亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)为农田土壤氨氧化细菌的优势菌属,Nitrosospira-sp.-Nsp2和uncultured-Nitrosospira-sp.为主要优势氨氧化细菌,土壤氨氧化细菌多样性表现为干季上层湿季上层湿季下层干季下层。结合冗余分析,影响干季农田上层土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构的主要环境因子及影响程度分别为速效磷全氮亚硝态氮,对于干季下层土壤则是铵态氮亚硝态氮全钾硝态氮全磷;湿季土壤氨氧化细菌群落结构明显受多种环境因子的综合影响。     

不同分子量壳寡糖对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗病酶活性影响的研究

采用平均分子量分别为3000、5000、10000的0.3%(w/v)壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子并对处理过的种子进行发芽试验和幼苗抗病酶活性的测定。结果表明:三种不同分子量壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子,均可以提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并且提高了幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量。增强了幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导了病程相关蛋白(即,几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶)的表达。其中,以平均分子量为10000的壳寡糖对种子活力及幼苗的生长和抗病酶活性的影响最好,其发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照提高了32.64%、60.47%;苗高、可溶性蛋白含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别比对照提高了20.98%、33.80%、43.17%、15.73%、26.41%。     

Comparative analysis of different methods revealing the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds

Seed longevity is a very important characteristic controlling seed quality. However, the mechanism underlying this characteristic is poorly understood. In this study, 'FH7185', a storable rice variety, the germination rate of which was 66.63%, much higher than the control after artificial ageing under relative humidity 88% and 42°C for 21 days. Different methods were applied to reveal the involvement of proteins during ageing of rice seeds. In total, 35 differential proteins were identified from 2D‐PAGE, and 3,719 proteins from iTRAQ analysis. A comparison of these two methods showed that not all protein types could be detected on the 2D‐PAGE gels, and the dynamic range was somewhat limited. So the comprehensive proteome map from the iTRAQ analysis was used to identify the quantitatively regulated proteins that played roles in seed longevity, and found that the most marked change was the increased abundance of many metabolic enzymes, especially the ones involved in α‐linolenic acid metabolism in the embryos during ageing. OsLOX2 and OsLOX3 had a negative effect on seed longevity, which were lower in FH7185 than the control. The dehydrogenase (LOC_Os07g44430) which played a major catalytic role in lipid peroxidation, also changed significantly during ageing. Therefore, OsLOX2, OsLOX3 and Loc_OS 07G44430 may be involved in the regulation of seed longevity with a synergistic effect.     

柳杉维管形成层及木质部区转录组序列及基因表达分析

柳杉是中国南方重要的针叶用材树种,具有树形高大,纹理直等特点,已广泛用于板材和建筑生产中,研究柳杉木材形成过程中维管形成层及木质部区转录组特征,为木材形成主要过程的分子机理,木材形成有关基因调控,培育优良材质的林木提供理论参考。本研究以柳杉形成层组织为材料,通过Illumina Hiseq测序平台对4个不同发育阶段的柳杉维管形成层进行转录组测序;对Unigene进行了蛋白功能注释、分类及KEGG代谢通路分析等。测序数据参照无参转录组测序流程进行分析,一共产生105.9 Gb的数据,过滤后Clean reads均达到90%以上。Clean reads经Trinity软件进行组装,一共产生64 969个Unigene,对Unigene进行拼接,拼接后的Contigs序列有29 381条、Singletons有35 588条,总长度为83 003 836 bp。将Unigen与七大功能数据库(NR, NT, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot, Interpro)进行比对,共有42 836个Unigene得到注释,占总Unigene的66.05%。GO注释共有89 644个转录本得到注释。对GO注释转录本进行分类,其中有38 432个转录本(42.87%)注释为生物过程,有32 749个转录本(36.53%)注释为细胞组分,有18 463个转录本(20.6%)注释为分子功能。KEGG注释有31 580个Unigene得到注释。分为6大类为:细胞代谢过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、人类疾病、代谢作用、生物体系统。其中代谢作用涉及的Unigene最多达18 580个,占KEGG总注释Unigene的58.83%。另有37 762个Unigene得到COG注释,被分为25类,其中注释数目最多的类型是仅预测一般功能的Unigene,占总数的16.9%;其次是转录,比例为8.8%;再次是复制、重组及修复,占总数的7.8%。本研究最后分析了可能参与木材形成重要功能基因,为探讨木材发育的分子机制及进行重要功能基因的挖掘提供了提供了依据。