基于形态性状和SSR标记的克氏原螯虾养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为客观评估广西南宁周边地区克氏原螯虾养殖群体的遗传多样性,采集来自南宁的3个克氏原螯虾群体——埃及群体（AJ）、良庆群体（LQ）和上林群体（SL）,以及湖北荆州（JZ）和江西湖口（HK）的群体各1个,采用形态学结合微卫星分子标记的方法分析其遗传多样性水平。形态分析结果显示,雌性群体的综合判别准确率为68.59%,雄性群体的综合判别准确率为73.60%;3个南宁群体（AJ,LQ,SL）与JZ群体聚为一类,3个南宁群体间具有较高的形态相似度。微卫星分析结果显示,AJ群体和LQ群体的遗传多样性最高,SL群体和HK群体次之;LQ群体与SL群体的遗传分化系数和遗传距离最小。结果表明广西南宁克氏原螯虾群体具有较高的遗传多样性,从国外引种或国内不同地理来源群体的杂交可能是提高克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性的重要途径。     

Roles of protein phosphatase 4 in down-regulation of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid in human umbilical vein endotheli?al cells

AIMTo investigate the roles of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) in down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Ser633 phosphorylation induced by palmitic acid (PA). METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with PA at 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200μmol/L for 36 h, or treated with PA at 100 μmol/L for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) family inhibitor fostriecin (FST, 20 nmol/L) or okadaic acid (OA, 5 nmol/L) was selected to pretreat the HUVECs for 30 min. Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit (PP4c) siRNA or protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) siRNA was transfected into the HUVECs. The protein expression levels of of eNOS, PP4c and PP2Ac, as well as the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation, were detected by Western blot. The intracellular nitric oxide (NO) content was measured by DAF-FM DA. RESULTS(1) Compared with control group, the levels of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation were decreased in PA groups in which the HUVECs were treated with 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, 100 μmol/L and 200 μmol/L PA for 36 h (P<0.05) and 100 μmol/L PA for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h (P<0.05). No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (2) Compared with control group, both FST and OA pretreatment reversed the reduction of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation (P<0.05) and the decrease in intracellular NO content (P<0.05) induced by PA. No significant difference in the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was observed. (3) Compared with si-Control group, the PP4c protein expression was significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation was significantly increased in si-PP4c group (P<0.05). Although the levels of PP2Ac protein expression declined significantly (P<0.05), the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation remained unchanged in si-PP2Ac group. No significant differencein the level of total eNOS protein expression among all the groups was found. CONCLUSION PA significantly reduces the level of eNOS Ser633 phosphorylation and the content of NO in the HUVECs, which may be due to PA inducing the activation of the PP2A family member PP4 rather than PP2A.     

浅析林业害虫防治的生态调控研究

浅析了林业害虫防治生态调控的理论发展过程,分析了综合使用生物防治、造林技术、抗性品种选育和害虫与天敌动态监测等进行调控林木-害虫-天敌相互关系的措施;最后阐述了害虫防治的目的是将害虫种群控制在经济阀值水平之下,而不是全部消灭.目前对生态系统的认识水平和技术水平,还不能完全实施生态调控,但已在逐步转变,今后有必要加大这方...     

An integrated rice panicle phenotyping method based on X-ray and RGB scanning and deep learning

Rice panicle phenotyping is required in rice breeding for high yield and grain quality.To fully evaluate spikelet and kernel traits without threshing and hulling,using X-ray and RGB scanning,we developed an integrated rice panicle phenotyping system and a corresponding image analysis pipeline.We compared five methods of counting spikelets and found that Faster R-CNN achieved high accuracy(R~2 of 0.99)and speed.Faster R-CNN was also applied to indica and japonica classification and achieved 91%accuracy.The proposed integrated panicle phenotyping method offers benefit for rice functional genetics and breeding.     

6 个不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落多样性的高通量测序分析

【目的】内生菌在植物生长发育中发挥重要作用,分析不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落结构及多样性,挖掘和利用潜在荔枝内生菌种资源,为进一步研究荔枝与内生菌互作关系提供参考依据。【方法】以 6 个不同品种荔枝的果肉组织为材料,PCR 扩增 16S rDNA 的 V3~V4 区,利用 MiSeq 高通量测序技术分析果肉组织内生细菌在门、科、属和种分类水平上的群落组成及优势菌群,结合 Alpha 多样性分析评估内生细菌群落多样性。【结果】对 6 个品种荔枝果肉内生细菌 16S rDNA 的 V3~V4 区进行扩增,共获得 2 139 086 条序列,其平均长度为 376 bp。不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌群落在相对丰度和多样性上无显著差异。在门分类水平,变形菌门为主要优势细菌门类,其次为放线菌门。在科、属和种分类水平上,不同品种荔枝内生菌群落结构相似,但相对丰度占比不同。差异菌群分析结果显示,假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、果胶杆菌属（Pectobacterium）、苍白杆菌属（Ochrobactrum）和迪基氏菌属（Dickeya) 在优良品种‘鹅蛋荔’‘糯米糍’和‘观音绿’中显著富集,根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）和变形菌属（Snodgrassella）只在‘鹅蛋荔’中富集。根据菌群相对丰度进行聚类分析,‘观音绿’‘糯米糍’和‘鹅蛋荔’的相似性更高。Alpha 多样性分析结果表明,6 种荔枝果肉内生菌群仅在丰度和多样性上存在差异,但未达到显著水平。【结论】该研究首次分析了 6 个不同品种荔枝果肉内生细菌的群落结构,并在优良荔枝品种中发现特有的微 生物类群富集现象,可为后续提升荔枝品质、开发利用内生菌提供理论依据和重要参考。     

方格蔟使用技术要点

蚕的上蔟,是养蚕的最后一道工序,上蔟技术是否合理,对提高蚕茧产量和质量十分关键.近年来我市一方面大力推广应用方格蔟,另一方面不断强化和规范方格蔟使用技术,动员蚕农把好上蔟技术关,蚕种质量得到了显著提高.     

长沙市某县退出小反刍兽疫强制免疫暴发的定性风险评估

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的疾病,主要感染山羊和绵羊。2021年为加快推进小反刍兽疫无疫区建设,实现小反刍兽疫非免疫无疫区建设标准,长沙市某县拟在本地开展小反刍兽疫退出强制免疫风险评估。通过对小反刍兽疫监测流调、危害识别、风险路径的确定和风险因素层级评估等方法进行的定性风险评估初步显示,在该地取消小反刍兽疫强制免疫后可能会发生小反刍兽疫的风险等级为中。在风险管理措施上,提出该地退出强制免疫应推迟一年,重点完善政策支持、加强监测排查、加强检疫监管、强化培训宣传等建议。     

磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU的合成及其酸性研究

为解决涉及一些较大分子的反应之固体酸催化问题,以价格便宜的硅酸钠为主要原料合成了磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU,并采用固体核磁共振(SSNMR)等技术研究了所合成材料(MSU-SO3H)的结构和酸性.结果表明,合成的磺酸基官能化的MSU具有规整的介孔结构,其总体酸性略弱于微孔分子筛HZSM-5.     

在原则与灵活中求发展——对译者任务的探讨

译者的理想境界应达到从心所欲不逾矩,"矩"体现原则性,"从心所欲"则体现灵活性。译者需要在主观与客观之间进行调和取舍,以客观制约主观,主观把握客观,从而通过语言信息的交流达到文化信息的交流,以实现翻译的目的。