Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

非洲猪瘟自然弱毒株演变进程

自2018年非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)传入中国以来疫情得到了有效控制.但2021年以后,我国的ASF流行情况出现了新的变化,临床中出现了"自然变异株".这些毒株可能导致感染后临床症状不典型,容易与其他疫病混淆等问题.这与国外的流行演变规律一致,即当ASF在一个国家或地区流行较长时间后,其...     

‘清水’苜蓿与‘WL168’杂交后代的表型特征及生理特性

本研究以‘清水’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Qingshui’）与‘WL168’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘WL168’）的杂交后代选育系RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03为研究对象,于种植第5年对其表型特征及生理特性进行观测分析。结果表明：RSA-01,RSA-02地上生物量显著低于‘WL168’（P<0.05）,而RSA-03显著高于‘清水’;RSA-02,RSA-03茎粗显著高于‘清水’和‘WL168’,而茎叶比均低于‘清水’;各形态指标中,茎粗变异系数最小,且RSA-03值最小,为2.17%;通径分析表明,RSA-01,RSA-02和RSA-03的茎叶比、茎粗与其地上生物量的直接通径系数分别为-0.649和0.709,-0.700和0.422,-0.858和0.189,茎叶比、茎粗是影响地上生物量的关键因素;RSA-01,RSA-03的过氧化物酶活性显著低于‘清水’和‘WL168’。与亲本‘清水’相比,RSA-03的地上生物量和茎粗都具有显著的杂种优势,但其抗逆性减弱,该研究结果为后期产量改良及抗逆性研究提供理论依据。     

西藏自治区首次发现螟黄赤眼蜂

为发掘西藏地区本土的赤眼蜂资源,本研究利用灭活米蛾卵卡在西藏林芝嘎玛地区的梨园采集到一个赤眼蜂种群。采用ITS2序列比对鉴定所采集的赤眼蜂种类,并测定该蜂的生物学指标。结果表明：西藏林芝嘎玛地区所诱集的赤眼蜂鉴定为螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii,羽化率为80%,雌性比为57.14%,耐饥饿时间为1.08 d,后足径节长度为157.6μm。本研究将为发掘西藏地区赤眼蜂资源提供参考,并为利用赤眼蜂在西藏自治区开展生物防治实践奠定基础。     

苹果柱型基因Co的一个AFLP 标记的SCAR转换

 将苹果柱型基因的一个AFLP 标记成功地转换成了简单实用的SCAR 标记。首先对AFLP 标记片段进行序列测定, 然后根据序列特点设计了两对特异引物CoA1/ CoA2 和CoA1/ CoA3 , 每条引物长20 bp。PCR 结果表明CoA1/ CoA2 可以扩增出216 bp 和148 bp 两条带, 其中216 bp 的为柱型性状的特征带; CoA1/CoA3 可以扩增出273 bp 和205 bp 的两条带, 其中273 bp 的为柱型性状的特征带。两对引物在杂交后代中扩增出的特征带与柱型性状的分离重组率都很低(CoA1/ CoA2 为6. 3 % ±2. 5 %; CoA1/ CoA3 为7. 3 % ±2. 6 %) , 所以它们都可以作为该SCAR 标记的特异引物所用。     

Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells HCC827

AIM: To investigate the effect of shikonin on reversing hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and to explore its possible mechanisms.METHODS: The gefitinib-resistant HCC827 cells induced by HGF were treated with shikonin and gefitinibthe alone or in combination. The inhibition rates of cell viability were determined by MTT assay. The invasive ability of HCC827 cells with HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib was determined by Transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related signaling pathway in the HCC827 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay showed that the cell activity of HCC827 cells was significantly inhibited by shikonin in a dose dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of shikonin in HCC827 cells was 3.06 μmol/L. And the IC₅₀ of gefitinib in HCC827 cells was 0.51 μmol/L. Under the condition of combined treatment with shikonin and gefitinib in the presence of HGF (20 μg/L), the IC₅₀ of gefitinib was 7.36 μmol/L, significantly lower than that treated with gefitinib alone (P<0.01), so did the result of the cell migration (P<0.01). HGF induced EMT, while shikonin reversed this effect. The protein expression level of p-AKT was significantly up-regulated by HGF, while markedly down-regulated treatment with shikonin and gefitinib compared with gefitinib alone (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Shikonin reverses HGF-induced resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer HCC827 cells, and the mechanism may be likely related to the preventon of EMT and the inhibition of HGF-induced activation of p-AKT signaling pathway.     

乳清清凉饮料的研制--干酪副产物乳清的利用

通过对稳定剂的稳定效果、糖酸比例、工艺条件等几个方面的研究,表明乳清清凉饮料的最佳条件:稳定剂含量为0.25％,白砂糖10.0％,采用90-95℃,5min杀菌,发酵温度为42±0.5℃,时间5.5h。     

渭河下游水沙变化趋势分析

本文通过对近6年渭河下游水沙量数据的统计和分析得出,渭河下游河段年内多沙期较河流主汛期有所提前;年径流量和年输沙量的变化趋势基本一致,而且自60年代至2005年华县站的水沙量持续呈递减趋势;河流的冲淤情况与该河段的降雨量有着直接的关系,当年平均降雨量小的时候河流以淤积为主,当年平均降雨量大的时候河流以冲蚀为主。针对这些特征,分析了渭河下游目前存在的主要问题。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体的研制

为制备抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株单克隆抗体,用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株免疫BALB/c小鼠,最后一次免疫后第3天取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇作用下融合,通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）筛选,以有限稀释法克隆3次,制备单克隆抗体,并对制备的单克隆抗体进行鉴定。结果表明获得了2株分泌PRRSV膜基质蛋白特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞,命名为1D12、5H5,经鉴定其抗体亚型分别为IgG2b、IgM,2株均为κ链,腹水ELISA效价分别为1∶107和1∶105。该单克隆抗体与PRV、PPV、PCV、CSFV、JEV无交叉反应。作者成功制备了抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NVDC-JXA1株膜基质蛋白单克隆抗体,为进一步建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

大白熊犬

一、大白熊犬的历史大白熊犬(Great Pyre-nees),别名比利牛斯山地犬(Pyrenean Mountain Dog),它最早的化石在欧洲被发现于青铜器时代,约公元前1800至1000年。先是在法国和西班牙交界的比利牛斯山区牧羊,后来成了法国皇室的高贵犬种,早在18世纪就已经生活在法国宫廷。但人们相信