臭氧化橄榄油对不同程度奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗效果的研究

针对抗生素带来的环境污染及耐药性问题,本试验根据臭氧的杀菌原理试制出具有杀菌作用的消毒类药物——臭氧化橄榄油。以氟苯尼考、盐酸多西环素和醋酸氯己定为对照组,臭氧化橄榄油作为试验组,探究臭氧化橄榄油对不同程度子宫内膜炎奶牛的治疗效果。同时为了验证臭氧化橄榄油对子宫内膜的损害,进行了小鼠子宫内灌注试验。结果表明:臭氧化橄榄油组对于卡他性及黏液性子宫内膜炎的治疗有效率能够达到抗生素类药物的治疗效果,且无显著差异(P0.05);而对于脓性子宫内膜炎的有效率显著低于对照组(P0.05),但在治愈率方面无显著差异(P0.05)。此外,在0~80 mg/L浓度范围内,臭氧化橄榄油浓度的增加并没有引起小鼠子宫上皮细胞明显的损伤。臭氧化橄榄油在一定程度上可以代替抗生素预防及治疗治疗卡他性及黏液性子宫内膜炎。     

温度与光照对茼蒿种子萌发的影响

以大叶茼蒿和小叶苘蒿为试验材料,研究2种茼蒿在发芽过程中对温度的需求.结果表明:在5～30℃范围内,2种茼蒿种子均可发芽,20～25℃条件下,发芽速度快,发芽率高;15,30℃的条件下,种子发芽率显著低于20～25℃时的水平,但是极显著高于5～10℃处理下的苘蒿种子发芽率;光照强度对2种苘蒿种子的发芽率没有明显影响.     

Effects of Seeding Date and Topping Date on Yield and Fiber Quality of Short-Season Cotton Field-Seeded after Barley(Rape)/Wheat Harvest

[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seeding date and topping date on yield, yield characteristics and fiber quality of short-season cotton (CCRI 50) field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest. [Method] A split-plot design with three replicates was used for the study in Nanjing, Jiangsu province of China in 2014-2015. The main plots comprised two seeding dates (S₁: 25th May and S₂: 10th June), while topping dates (T₁: 30th July, T₂: 7th August and T₃: 15th August) constituted the subplots. [Result] The lint yield, the ratio of yield before frost, boll number, boll weight and lint percent of S₂ were lower than those of S₁. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes of S₂ were less than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for the boll setting ratio. The lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost decreased with the delay of topping date. The number of fruit branches and fruit nodes, the ratio of them increased with the delay of topping date while the boll setting ratio decreased. The interaction of sowing date × topping date showed that the treatment of S₁T₁ achieved higher value in lint yield and the ratio of yield before frost. The higher number of fruit branches and fruit nodes were found at the treatment of S₁T₁, S₁T₂ and S1T3 and higher boll setting ratio were found at the treatment of S₂T₁ and S₁T₁. Correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively and significantly correlated with the number of fruit branches and fruit nodes and boll number, but did not significantly correlate withboll setting ratio and the ratio of fruit branches number to nodes number. In addition, the boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches of S₂ were more than those of S₁ while it was the opposite for that of up fruit branches. The boll distribution ratios of middle and low fruit branches decreased with the delay of topping date while it was the opposite for that of up-fruit branches. The treatment of S₁T₁ could be better to improve fiber length and fiber strength of different fruit branches and the micronaire value of middle fruit branches. [Conclusion] The treatment of S₁T₁ is conducive to high yield and fiber quality of short-season cotton field-seeded after barley(rape)/wheat harvest in lower reaches of the Yangtze River.     

气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器设计与试验

针对气吸式棉花精密排种器输气管路结构复杂、能耗大以及排种单体只能实现单行播种等问题,采用阵列吸孔吸种、侧向气吹清种等方式,设计了一种气吸滚筒阵列式棉花精密排种器,确定了该排种器关键零部件的结构参数,建立了充种过程的力学模型。以棉花种子为播种对象,以滚筒转速、吸孔直径、气室负压为影响因子,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为排种性能指标,进行二次旋转正交组合试验,建立各影响因子与排种性能指标之间的回归模型,分析了各因子对排种性能的影响规律。采用多目标优化方法,确定最佳参数组合:滚筒转速为15.5 r/min,吸孔直径为3.5 mm,气室负压为4.2 k Pa,此时排种器的合格指数为93.5%、漏播指数为2.0%、重播指数为4.5%。经试验验证,试验结果与优化结果基本一致,满足棉花精密播种的要求。在此基础上进行了排种适应性试验,试验对象为几何特性存在一定差异的新陆早48号、新陆早52号、新陆早60号3种棉花种子,结果表明:合格指数均大于92%,漏播指数均小于3%,重播指数均小于5%,说明该排种器对不同品种的棉花种子具有一定的排种适应性。     

基于Petri网模型的收获机轴流式脱分选装置参数化设计

为实现设计的快速化和规范化,进行了基于喂入量变化的联合收获机轴流式脱分选装置的参数化设计研究。通过建立喂入量与相关设计参数的数学模型,获得可用于参数化设计的各个参数。在分析参数之间层次关系和依赖关系的基础上,利用Petri网模型、通过参数传递构建了简化设计的计算机模型并开发了设计平台。应用结果表明:当在程序界面中输入喂入量并选择相关数据后,能自动生成各种所需的结构参数(栅格式凹板包围面积、清选筛面积、脱粒滚筒齿数)以及工作参数(风量、功率);将某部件所得结构参数输入UG环境平台,可获得该部件的三维设计图样。经与现有成熟机型脱分选装置结构参数和工作参数比较可知,计算机模型生成的设计参数和工作参数规范,获得的三维图样符合设计要求。参数化设计平台不但可以进行脱分选装置的规范化设计、提高设计效率,还可以快速判别、修正现有机型脱分选装置的设计参数。     

农业工程专业创新教育改革与实践探索

农业工程专业作为一个综合性的交叉学科,是现代科学技术与农业产业化、现代化的有机结合。农业工程专业要求学生不仅要掌握书本的基础知识,还应达到灵活运用的能力,这就要求高校注重对学生创新能力的培养,虽然部分高校已经意识到创新教育的重要性,但是对于改革创新还处于探索阶段。在创新教育过程中继承和发扬“团结、勤奋、求实、创新”的优良办学传统,树立“以人为本”的教育教学理念,全面推进素质教育,坚持教育创新,初步建立起以培养学生创新精神和实践能力为核心,由课程教学体系、实践教学体系、创新教育平台、创新教育管理和运行机制等系列改革内容构成的教学体制改革势在必行。      

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

大葱新品种“濮葱3号”的选育

"濮葱3号"是以自交不亲和系03-1-23为母本,自交不亲和系02-3-9为父本培育的大葱杂交组合。"濮葱3号"全生育期225d,叶绿色,叶面蜡粉中等,株高110.3cm,最大叶长71.05cm,单株叶片数4.76个,假茎长45.26cm,假茎粗2.71cm,假茎质量185.92g,单株质量242.14g,每667m~2平均产量3 532.24kg,抗霜霉病、紫斑病、病毒病。     

料液脉动燃烧尾气雾化试

脉动燃烧器产生的高温振荡尾气流可用于料液的脉动气流雾化干燥,作业成本低,干燥质量好.本文采用小型亥尔姆霍茨(Helmholtz)型脉动燃烧器,利用激光测试仪测定雾滴粒度和粒度分布,研究了脉动燃烧尾气流雾化料液过程中料液流量、料液粘度和脉动气流频率对雾滴粒度和粒度分布的影响规律.试验结果分析表明,料液流量35 L/h、脉动气流频率100 Hz、料液粘度适中时的雾化效果最好.     

分形多孔介质孔道网络模型的构

采用压汞试验获得实际多孔介质的微观结构参数.以冻干马铃薯为例计算了孔隙分形维数,结果表明冻干马铃薯结构具有显著的分形特性.运用位似变换理论、分形理论、Voronoi图以及马铃薯的特征参数等,构建出与马铃薯结构参数相对应的二维分形孔道网络模型.构建的网络模型考虑了影响多孔介质干燥的孔道微细结构特征,模型参数能够很好地反映多孔物料的微观结构.且获得了合理的分形维数.