基于TG-FNIR联用分析的农业固体废弃物热解特性研究

[目的]研究稻秆的热解及产物生成特性。[方法]采用热重（TG）与傅立叶近红外（FNIR）联用的方法（TG-FNIR）研究稻秆热解过程的影响因素及其产物生成特性。[结果]升温速率和粒径对稻秆的热解特性均具有一定的影响,升温速率越高,热解起始温度和失重温度越大,粒径越小越有利于热解;FNIR分析结果表明,热解初始阶段的气态产物主要是水蒸气和少量的CO及CO2,随着温度的升高,热解的主要气态产物变为CO、CO2、CH4以及小分子烃类。[结论]该研究清楚地了解了稻秆整个热解过程的状态及其产物的生成情况。     

紫花苜蓿花粉管通道法转基因技术初探

以紫花苜蓿品种阿尔冈金为受体材料,以含gus基因的植物双元表达载体pPZP221为外源基因供体进行了花粉管通道法转基因研究.于授粉后6h、9h、12h、20h、24h、28h、32h、48h滴加质粒DNA溶液,荚果成熟后收获转化种子,分别使用2套引物对To代植株进行PCR检测,结果表明:20～48h所得到的To代植株均具有较高的转化频率,其中授粉后32h导入质粒DNA所获得的转化率最高,为16.7%,PCR检测初步证明外源基因已整合到受体植物基因组中.     

消化道上皮细胞中乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量的变化

利用兔抗鸡乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白血清,以不连续活性-PAGE电泳技术和间接ELISA方法,对不同日龄、健康和患球虫病鸡消化道不同部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量进行了检测。结果表明,2日龄鸡嗉囊部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.181;1日龄鸡小肠部位产生乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分,D450nm值为0.168;5日龄乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白成分达到稳定,D450nm值分别为0.200和0.123。健康鸡体内嗉囊与小肠部位乳酸杆菌黏附配体蛋白含量比患球虫病鸡明显增多,D450nm值分别为：嗉囊,0.143和0.132;小肠,0.148和0.134。     

Context‐dependent responses of food‐hoarding to competitors in Apodemus peninsulae: implications for coexistence among asymmetrical species

Superior species may have distinct advantages over subordinates within asymmetrical interactions among sympatric animals. However, exactly how the subordinate species coexists with superior species is unknown. In the forests west of Beijing City, intense asymmetrical interactions of food competition exist among granivorous rodents (e.g. Apodemus peninsulae, Niviventer confucianus, Sciurotamias davidianus and Tscherskia triton) that have broadly overlapping habitats and diets but have varied body size (range 15–300 g), hoarding habits (scatter vs larder) and/or daily rhythm (diurnal vs nocturnal). The smallest rodent, A. peninsulae, which typically faces high competitive pressure from larger rodents, is an ideal model to explore how subordinate species coexist with superior species. Under semi‐natural enclosure conditions, we tested responses of seed‐hoarding behavior in A. peninsulae to intraspecific and interspecific competitors in the situations of pre‐competition (without competitor), competition (with competitor) and post‐competition (competitor removed). The results showed that for A. peninsulae, the intensity of larder‐hoarding increased and the intensity of scatter‐hoarding declined in the presence of intraspecifics and S. davidianus, whereas A. peninsulae ceased foraging and hoarding in the presence of N. confucianus and T. triton. A. peninsulae reduced intensity of hoarding outside the nest and moved more seeds into the nest for larder‐hoarding under competition from intraspecific individuals and S. davidianus. In most cases, the experimental animals could recover to their original state of pre‐competition when competitors were removed. These results suggest that subordinate species contextually regulate their food‐hoarding strategies according to different competitors, promoting species coexistence among sympatric animals that have asymmetrical food competition.     

玛曲高寒沙化草地生态位特征及其施肥改良研究

为高寒沙化草地治理提供理论依据,本研究分析了玛曲高寒沙化草地植物群落特征,探讨施肥对物种多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明,异针茅为玛曲当前高寒沙化草地的优势种。生态位宽度最大的是亚优势种高山唐松草和乳浆大戟,而优势种异针茅的生态位宽度仅为０．９４１。在沙化草地植物群落中,优势种并不具有最强的适应能力和竞争力且地位不稳定。生态位宽度大的物种之间具有大的生态位重叠值,其中高山唐松草和乳浆大戟种群生态位重叠值最大,它们与其他种群之间的竞争也较强,高寒沙化草地的演替方向将是杂类草取代禾草的优势地位。施肥可增加高寒沙化草地物种丰富度,其中氮磷配施和氮磷有机肥配施分别比对照的丰富度提高４２．９％ 和４４．７％。氮、磷和有机肥混施后植物群落的Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ指数和Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｅｉｎｅｒ指数与对照之间达显著或极显著性差异,施氮磷肥后植物群落Ｐｉｅｌｏｕ均匀度指数也与对照之间达极显著差异;采用氮、磷和有机肥混施的方案可最大限度的增加沙化草地的地上生物量,比对照地上生物量增加２．５倍。从生物多样性和生物量增加综合考虑,氮、磷和有机肥混施为高寒沙化草地施肥的最佳处理。     

番鸭小鹅瘟病胶乳凝集试验与病毒分离的比较研究

应用GPV胶乳凝集方法（LPA）和病毒分离（VI）检测人工感染病例9份、健康对照6份,临床疑似送检病鸭28份。其中人工感染样品检测LPA和VI符合率为93.3%（14/15）;临床疑似样品检测LPA和VI符合率为89.3%（25/28）;两者总符合率达90.7%（39/43）。LPA方法具有简便（肉眼可判定,不需仪器）、快速（检测抗原20min内）、特异、准确等优点,比VI更适合临床使用。     

高羊茅腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶基因FaSAMDC的克隆与差异表达分析

在进行高羊茅光敏色素C基因5′端克隆时,筛选到腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶基因的5′端序列,根据5′端序列设计引物,扩增出该基因的3′端,拼接得到高羊茅腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶基因全序列,命名为FaSAMDC(GenBank登录号:HQ606139),利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究FaSAMDC基因在长日照与短日照条件下昼夜24 h的表达差异,为进一步揭示不同光周期调控FaSAMDC基因的表达奠定理论基础。FaSAMDC的cDNA全长1 964 bp,具有微型上游阅读框、小型上游阅读框和主阅读框3个开放阅读框,分别位于226～234,234～380和555～1 742 bp,微型上游阅读框和小型上游阅读框存在1个碱基重叠,主阅读框编码395个氨基酸,含有保守功能域:酶原剪切位点功能域和SAMDC蛋白快速降解有关的PEST功能域。对编码蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性分析表明,FaSAMDC与其他单子叶植物SAMDC蛋白的亲缘关系较近。在长日照和短日照处理条件下,FaSAMDC都具有3个表达峰。短日照处理条件下的表达峰比长日照处理条件下的表达峰早几个小时,但峰高低于长日照条件。由此说明,FaSAMDC基因的表达受光周期调控,与生物钟控制的昼夜节律有关。     

荷斯坦供体母牛及其女儿超排效果的比较分析

本文分析比较了165头超排荷斯坦母牛及其184头女儿的超排反应。从所有母女的整体看,在不同超排反应组,有一种趋势,即在不同反应分组中,母亲与女儿之间,似乎存在一种弱相关(r=0.20)。但在母女不同超排反应的组间,并没有这种相关,即在同一超排反应的母亲组,其相应的女儿组并不存在这种趋势。同一头母亲的2头或3头女儿,似乎母亲超排效果差,女儿的超排效果反而好,而母亲超排反应好,女儿的反应却有降低的趋势。由此得出结论,不能将母亲的超排反应结果作为选择其女儿超排反应的依据。     

Effects of Sodium Fluoride on the Morphological Structure of the Epididymis and the Expression of Tight Junction Genes

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fluoride on epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expression of tight junction genes.60 healthy male mice were divided into four groups randomly, including control group (distilled water) and 25,50,100 mg NaF/L groups, respectively. After 60 days, the thighbones were collected and fluoride contents were determined by fluorine ion selective electrode method. Paraffin slides of right epididymis with HE stain were produced to evaluate epididymal morphological structure under light microscope. The left epididymis were collected to isolate total RNA and detect the mRNA expression of tight junction genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the fluoride contents of thighbones increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were extremely significantly higher in 50 and 100 mg/L groups than those in control group (P<0.01).NaF extremely significantly increased the thickness of cauda epididymal pipe wall in fluoride groups (P<0.01) and the Claudin-2 mRNA expressions in fluoride groups were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the ZO-1 mRNA expression in 100 mg/L group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared with control group. In conclusion, excessive NaF ingestion adversely affected epididymal morphological structure and mRNA expressions of Claudin-2 and>ZO-1,which might contribute to the damage of blood-epididymal barrier.     

不同感染剂量MDRV对番鸭免疫反应和细胞毒性作用的影响

用不同剂量番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV MW9710株)感染8日龄番鸭后,通过检测血液中淋巴细胞对ConA、LPS的反应和NK细胞、细胞毒T细胞(CTL)的细胞毒性作用,探讨MDRV感染对番鸭免疫细胞功能和细胞毒性作用的影响。结果显示,不同感染剂量MDRV均会抑制番鸭血液淋巴细胞对ConA、LPS的增殖反应,降低NK细胞和CTL细胞的杀伤活性,且影响程度与剂量相关;同时感染番鸭生长缓慢,脾脏肿大,胸腺和法氏囊缩小。上述结果表明,MDRV感染能导致番鸭免疫抑制,且细胞免疫抑制程度与感染病毒量有关。