中药饲料添加剂对仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

通过在基础日粮中添加2种不同精制中药饲料添加剂,研究其对仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响.选用45头平均体重为10kg左右的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪进行试验,试验分3组,分别为中药Ⅰ组(中药添加剂Ⅰ),中药Ⅱ组(中药添加剂Ⅱ),对照组(抗生素、化学合成药物组),全程试验分保育Ⅰ阶段(23天)和保育Ⅱ阶段(30天),在每一阶段末期,分别采集血样测定血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM、IgA)、补体(C3、C4)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的含量.结果如下:中药Ⅰ组、中药Ⅱ组平均体增重和日增重提高,料重比及腹泻率下降;血清免疫球蛋白、补体和白细胞介素-2的含量明显升高.以上结果表明,中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ能有效地防止保育阶段的仔猪发生腹泻,改善生长性能,并能促进免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)、补体(C3、C4)和白细胞介素-2的生成,提高机体免疫功能.     

狗年侃犬

狗年侃犬,犬即是狗,狗即是犬。就字而言,狗是口头语为多,犬是书面语为多。犬与人类的交流与融合,源远流长,这是一个说不完、道不尽的话题。犬的文化也是人们津津乐道的话题,也是一个国家一个民族的文化。我国养犬的历史有几千年,对犬也说法众多,褒贬不一。狗、犬从生物科学来讲都是表述同样的动物,但从中国人文化的内含却有很大的差异。中国人对狗这个字的理解大都含有贬意,民间通俗用语,比较粗糙。对犬的理解似乎有些褒奖与赞美之意,是学术用语,有文化内涵。狗常常是用来形容不好的人或事,是没有教养与没有学问的,人类对它是要进行限制管理…     

Building phenotype networks to improve QTL detection: a comparative analysis of fatty acid and fat traits in pigs

Models in QTL mapping can be improved by considering all potential variables, i.e. we can use remaining traits other than the trait under study as potential predictors. QTL mapping is often conducted by correcting for a few fixed effects or covariates (e.g. sex, age), although many traits with potential causal relationships between them are recorded. In this work, we evaluate by simulation several procedures to identify optimum models in QTL scans: forward selection, undirected dependency graph and QTL-directed dependency graph (QDG). The latter, QDG, performed better in terms of power and false discovery rate and was applied to fatty acid (FA) composition and fat deposition traits in two pig F2 crosses from China and Spain. Compared with the typical QTL mapping, QDG approach revealed several new QTL. To the contrary, several FA QTL on chromosome 4 (e.g. Palmitic, C16:0; Stearic, C18:0) detected by typical mapping vanished after adjusting for phenotypic covariates in QDG mapping. This suggests that the QTL detected in typical mapping could be indirect. When a QTL is supported by both approaches, there is an increased confidence that the QTL have a primary effect on the corresponding trait. An example is a QTL for C16:1 on chromosome 8. In conclusion, mapping QTL based on causal phenotypic networks can increase power and help to make more biologically sound hypothesis on the genetic architecture of complex traits.     

冷冻干燥法制备速溶植酸酶的研究

采用毕赤酵母发酵制备酶液,膜超滤浓缩、硫酸铵盐析法沉淀酶蛋白,结合冷冻干燥法制得速溶型植酸酶。结果表明,对酶活力达19 500U/ml的发酵液进行浓缩后,以70%饱和度的硫酸铵进行盐析,分离后的酶蛋白经过冷冻干燥得到活力为500 000U/g的植酸酶,速溶性好,溶解后清亮透明。酶的冻干粉50℃保存90d内酶活力仍能维持96%以上的活力。为高酶活速溶植酸酶的工业化生产提供了一条可行的思路。     

The phylogeographic system survey of native sheep breeds in the eastern and southern Central Asia

The genetic diversity and phylogenetic survey of native sheep breeds in the eastern and southern Central Asia were assessed in the present study. The clustering, principal components, structure and F statistics all demonstrate that the native sheep breeds in these regions be classified into two genetic groups: Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group and South‐Southeast Asia sheep group. The Mongolia sheep group and the Tibetan sheep group had a certain degree of gene communication from the ancient times. In the present study we demonstrated that the Chinese native sheep populations belonged to Mongolia‐Tibetan sheep group. However, the relationships among the sheep populations in Mongolia sheep group in China were not closely related to the geographical distance among sheep populations.     

制备奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓剂的优选方案研究

以中药制剂栓的色泽、不溶物、融变时限为标准,运用正交试验的方法优选治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎中药栓的制备方案.结果优选出的方案为聚乙二醇(PEG)1500 5g、PEG6000 25g,中药混合提取物6g,此方案稳定可行,并且由此制得的中药栓各项指标均符合药典规定.     

饲用抗生素细菌耐药性的研究进展

饲用抗生素的不当使用,尤其是抗生素促长剂的滥用,导致动物体内细菌耐药性的产生并不断增强。耐药性细菌及其耐药基因会在动物、环境、人体之间水平传播,从而对人类健康造成了严重威胁。为此一些发达国家纷纷采取措施限制饲用抗生素的使用。研究表明,抗生素促长剂停用后,畜禽体内及动物性食品中耐药菌显著减少,相应地人体内耐药菌携带率亦随之显著下降。     

苏丹草种子生产及市场浅析

对当前苏丹草种子生产，市场出现的问题，提出了解决途径和方法，以法制化制约市场，保护生产者，经营者和消费者的合法权益。