Reflections on the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock

The rapid development of biotechnology has provided a greater understanding of the biological functions of major candidate genes that have important functions regarding economic traits, and new materials for livestock breeding have been obtained through gene editing (GE) and embryo manipulation with the purpose of improving quality and output and reducing the costs and risk of disease. Public concerns, particularly over safety risks and production performance, must be addressed. Evaluation is the most important component of the regulation of gene-edited livestock and is a crucial guarantee of public safety before the marketing of gene-edited animal products. Here, the system of evaluation of gene-edited livestock is discussed in terms of public safety and production performance. The search for safe and ethical applications in the GE of livestock, a case-by-case evaluation strategy, and classification and simplification are used in order to promote a more efficient, objective, comprehensive and operable evaluation system.     

超临界CO_2法萃取杏仁油的工艺优化试验

采用单因素试验和正交试验设计,研究超临界CO2萃取杏仁油工艺.结果表明:超临界CO2萃取杏仁油的最佳工艺条件为杏仁粉粒度为60目,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30MPa,萃取时间2.0h,CO2流量60L/h,在此条件下,油脂萃取率为46.9%.     

Estimating Rice Yield by HJ-1A Satellite Images

As illustrated by the case of Xuyi County, Jinhu County and Hongze County in Jiangsu Province, China, monitoring and forecasting of rice production were carried out by using HJ-1A satellite remote sensing images. The handhold GPS machines were used to measure the geographical position and some other information of these samples such as area shape. The GPS data and the interpretation marks were used to correct HJ-1 image, assist human-computer interactive interpretation, and other operations. The test data had been participated in the whole classification process. The accuracy of interpreted information on rice planting area was more than 90%. By using the leaf area index from the normalized difference vegetation index inversion, the biomass from the ratio vegetation index inversion, and combined with the rice yield estimation model, the rice yield was estimated. Further, the thematic map of rice production classification was made based on the rice yield data. According to the comparison results between measured and fitted values of yields and areas of sampling sites, the accuracy of the yield estimation was more than 85%. The results suggest that HJ-A/B images could basically meet the demand of rice growth monitoring and yield forecasting, and could be widely applied to rice production monitoring.     

玉米天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因家族的鉴定与表达分析

以玉米B73基因组为参考序列,在全基因组水平系统分析玉米天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族成员的基因组结构信息,深入了解玉米天冬氨酸蛋白酶家族基因(ZmAPs)的生物学功能。结果表明,总共鉴定出75个ZmAPs,通过系统进化树分析将ZmAPs分为两大亚组,同一亚组之间的motif分布与基因结构都相对保守。染色体定位和共线性分析发现,ZmAPs不均匀地分布在玉米的10条染色体上,其中,7对为串联重复基因。对其启动子顺式作用元件分析后发现,ZmAPs可能参与光响应、MeJA及ABA等信号通路。对生物与非生物胁迫下的玉米转录组表达谱分析发现,ZmAPs对生物胁迫的响应更为强烈,表明ZmAPs可能参与玉米抗病的过程。     

燕麦生产及品种选育技术研究进展

目前,燕麦生产发展潜力巨大,但育种技术较为落后,现代的新型育种方式应用不够成熟。因此,高度重视种质资源的创新和专用型新品种的选育已成为中国今后燕麦育种工作中的重中之重。本文从国内外燕麦生产、贸易情况及发展潜力方面进行研究总结,并对中国燕麦品种选育技术及育种发展方向的相关进展进行综述,以期为中国燕麦产业的发展及新品种的培育提供参考。     

纤维亚麻品种筛选试验研究

通过2年试验，测定了纤维亚麻品种产量、经济性状、生育期、抗病性和品质等多项指标，综合评价、筛选出最好的纤维亚麻品种华星001和地安那，适合在云南保山地区大面积推广应用；华星002、依莱克翠表现较好，下年可进行示范种植；华星003、华星005、伊罗娜、派克丝可续试一年；华星004各方面表现均较差，抗逆性较弱，可淘汰。     

水稻新病害——水稻褐变穗

依据柯赫氏法则,对水稻的一种新病害—水稻褐变穗进行分离培养及病原菌鉴定,按照Ainsworth分类系统进行鉴定,确定分离得到的菌种是链格孢(Alternariaalternata(Fr.)Keissl),通过回接证明了水稻褐变穗确实是由链格孢引起的。其水稻褐变穗的症状是水稻出穗后不久遇强风易发生,粒上出现褐色斑点,严重时变浓褐或黑褐色,病斑不规则形,但水稻叶鞘几乎没有褐变。     

野生柳叶蜡梅茎挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取柳叶蜡梅茎的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总油量的84.98％.其中含量较高的成分为亚油酸(11.96％)、棕榈酸(11.38％)、(-)-β-杜松烯(5.10％)、按叶油醇(4.89％)、大根香叶烯D(4.84％)、β-石竹烯(4.16％)、(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基-萘(2.91％)、樟脑(2.43％)、石竹烯氧化物(2.23％).     

水肥运筹对滴灌春小麦保护酶活性及产量的影响

为了解水肥运筹对滴灌春小麦旗叶保护酶活性及产量的影响,通过大田调查和小区控制试验,测定和分析了不同水肥条件下滴灌春小麦分蘖期、拔节期、灌浆期的保护酶活性、丙二醛含量及产量差异.结果表明,从分蘖期到灌浆期,适宜的水肥条件能增加滴灌春小麦叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.重度水分胁迫和低氮条件下,丙二醛(MDA)含量较高.水肥对产量互作效应显著,增施氮肥可提高产量.说明水肥合理配施对小麦的抗旱性具有一定的调控作用,灌水量和施肥量过高或过低均不利于小麦相关生理过程.综合考虑不同指标,全生育期灌水量为2 800～4 400 m3·hm-2、氮肥施用量为450～750 kg·hm-2、磷肥施用量为225～375 kg·hm-2时,滴灌小麦膜脂抗氧化能力和产量表现最佳.     

玉米微卫星PCR产物变性与非变性PAGE-银染法的比较分析

对变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行比较,探讨建立简便、快速、安全、可靠、经济、效率高、毒害低的应用于玉米遗传多样性分析的SSR标记方法。结果表明,用2对SSR引物对6份玉米自交系基因组DNA进行扩增,将扩增产物在变性与非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)上电泳,银染后微卫星扩增产物在二者上的电泳结果存在差异。在变性胶中微卫星扩增产物目的条带清晰,易于鉴定;在非变性凝胶中表现有较多的非特异性条带,但目的条带很明亮,容易看出来,不影响实验结果。非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳带型清晰准确、结果可靠、经济快速,能真实地揭示玉米自交系间的遗传多样性,是玉米种质类群划分的有效分子标记方法。