青海门源地区杂种荷斯坦牛与本地黄牛生长发育模型研究

[目的]测定776头青海门源地区杂种荷斯坦牛和本地黄牛体尺、体重及生长发育规律.[方法]Mitscherlich、Bertalantty、Logistic和Gompertz 4种生长曲线拟合.[结果]杂种荷斯坦牛的体高、体长、胸围及体重4个性状生长曲线用Compertz模型描述拟合效果最好;本地黄牛的体高和胸围生长曲线采用Mitscherlich模型较理想,体长采用Bertalantty模型较理想.在目前农家放牧饲养条件下,杂种荷斯坦牛生长拐点在5月龄140.22 kg体重,成熟体重为381.2 kg.本地母黄牛生长拐点分别为10月龄,106.8 kg体重成熟体重为290.2 kg.[结论]利用荷斯坦牛冻精改良门源本地黄牛,荷黄杂一代的体尺体重都有较大提高,并且差异明显.     

黄曲霉毒素危害、检测方法及生物降解研究进展

黄曲霉毒素(AF)是由某些真菌产毒菌株产生的次生代谢产物,具有极强的毒性.论文介绍了黄曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害以及薄层色谱(TLC)检测法、高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测法、酶联免疫(ELISA)检测法和放射免疫(RIA)检测法等检测方法,并对黄曲霉毒素生物降解的研究概况做一综述.     

海北州天然草地退化沙化成因与对策

基于海北州天然草地退化沙化的事实,简要分析了退化沙化的表现和危害,重点阐述了区域天然草地退化沙化的多层次原因,提出了相应的应对策略和建议。分析表明：海北州天然草地退化沙化的直接原因为超载过牧和生物链遭到破坏,间接原因为牧业人口数量的增加和畜牧技术的应用,内在原因为高寒气候特点和复杂地形造成区域草地生态系统的脆弱性。提出3项对策建议：推行计划生育,增加教育投资,控制并逐步减少牧业人口;大力推行现代高效畜牧业发展模式,发展栽培草地,实施“以草定畜”;树立“不再破坏就是保护”的意识,开展天然草地的有限治理。     

鸡蛋胆固醇与人体健康

编者按:鸡蛋营养丰富,含有蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇、卵磷脂、维生素和铁、钙、钾等人体所需要的矿物质,长期以来备受人们的青睐.然而从上世纪开始,有学者提出鸡蛋胆固醇含量相对较高,过多地摄入鸡蛋会导致人体血清胆固醇增高,进而引发心血管疾病.     

杂种奶牛POU1Fl、GHR、GHRH-R和CSN1S2基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦公牛冻精改良的93头杂种奶牛的脑垂体转录因子-1（POU1Fl）基因第6外显子、生长激素受体（GHR）基因第10外显子、生长激素释放激素受体（GHRH-R）基因第2外显子和酪蛋白(CSN1S2) 基因第18外显子进行了多态性研究。结果表明,在检测的4个基因位点中,只有POU1Fl基因第6外显子存在2种基因型,AB、BB基因型频率及A、B基因频率分别为0.0323、0.9677和0.0162、0.9838,未发现AA型个体。该群体在此位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,基因杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.0318和0.0313。测序显示,与普通黄牛POU1Fl基因序列Y15995相比,A等位基因在POU1F1基因第6外显子的第209个碱基处发生了G→C的碱基颠换,导致Thr/Arg替代,其多态的成因及效应需进一步研究。     

Brightness of venous blood in South American camelids: implications for jugular catheterization

Objective  To compare the brightness of South American camelid venous blood to that of Equidae.
Study design  Prospective clinical evaluation.
Animals  Twelve South American camelids (eight llamas, four alpacas), eight horses and ponies (control group).
Methods  Appropriately sized catheters were placed in the jugular vein of each animal under local anaesthesia. The blood spilt before the catheter was capped was caught on a white tile. A sample of blood was drawn for blood-gas analysis. The brightness of the blood (both on the tile and in the syringe) was matched to a colour chart (1 = darkest red, 8 = brightest red) by a single observer under bright light conditions. Packed cell volume (PCV) and partial pressure of oxygen (PvO₂) in the blood were also measured on the syringe blood. Normally distributed data were compared using a two tailed t -test, and non-normally distributed data were compared using a Mann–Whitney U -test. Significance was set at p  < 0.05.
Results  Camelid venous blood was significantly brighter red than that of horses and ponies both on the white tile ( p  = 0.0003) and in the syringe ( p  = 0.0001). PCV was significantly lower in camelids (32 ± 4%) compared with horses (37 ± 5%). Partial pressure of oxygen values were similar between groups.
Conclusions and clinical relevance  Jugular venous blood in alpacas and llamas is significantly brighter red than that of horses. Colour should not be used as a sole determinant of venous or arterial catheterization in this species.     

Aroclor 1254对小鼠胚胎植入的影响

探讨了Aroclor 1254对小鼠胚胎植入的影响。将用无水乙醇溶解的Aroclor 1254母液分别按比例添加到CZB胚胎培养液中,组成0.25、1.25、6.25μg/mL 3个浓度的Aroclor 1254毒性试验溶液,溶剂对照组试验溶液为含无水乙醇(无水乙醇与毒性试验组浓度相同)的CZB胚胎培养液,空白对照组为CZB胚胎培养液。在小鼠配种后第4天上午(dpc 4.5),手术法分别暴露双侧子宫角,分别注入上述试验溶液5μL于子宫角内。于小鼠配种后第8天上午(dpc 8.5),尾静脉注射5 g/L台盼蓝溶液,检测试验小鼠胚胎植入位点。结果表明,溶剂对照组与空白对照组的平均植入位点没有统计学差异;质量浓度为0.25μg/mL和1.25μg/mL Aroclor 1254组的平均植入位点(6.27±1.41和5.83±1.09)与溶剂对照组(6.26±1.63)差异不显著;质量浓度为6.25μg/mL Aroclor 1254组的平均植入位点数(5.07±1.64)极显著低于溶剂对照组(6.26±1.63)(P<0.01),显著低于1.25μg/mL Aroclor 1254组(5.83±1.09)(P<0....     

Night-time Melatonin Secretion and Seasonally Delayed Puberty in Gilts

This study was conducted to determine whether the seasonal delay in puberty in autumn is driven by individual differences in night-time melatonin secretion in domestic gilts at the attainment of puberty. A group of spring-born gilts (n = 30) were expected to reach puberty in autumn by the age of 7 months. Eighteen of these gilts were selected in pairs on the basis of matched days of birth. By the expected time, half of the animals showed oestrous symptoms (group CYCLING, n = 9) with the rest remaining silent (group SILENT, n = 9). Afterwards, all gilts were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters for frequent blood sampling. Blood samples were collected from all animals three times during the day followed by three times in the night at 2-h intervals for 48 h. The samples were analysed by a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results show a consistent 25-fold rise (on average) in night-time melatonin concentration in every animal sampled with group averages ranging from 0.28 +/- 0.04 to 0.37 +/- 0.06 pg/ml at day and from 10.20 +/- 2.16 to 10.67 +/- 0.05 pg/ml at night. Night-time group mean values between CYCLING and SILENT gilts did not differ significantly (10.26 +/- 0.67 and 10.38 +/- 0.94 for the CYCLING; 10.67 +/- 0.05 and 10.20 +/- 2.16 for the SILENT). When 10 pg/ml was used as a threshold value, six individuals did not reach it during the night (low responders). Two of these gilts were CYCLING and four were SILENT. In conclusion, the results presented imply no involvement of the level of night-time melatonin concentration in the seasonal delay of puberty in gilts.     

Total intravenous anesthesia with ketamine–medetomidine–propofol in horses

Propofol is a potentially useful intravenous anesthetic agent for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in horses. The purpose of this study was to compare the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of TIVA following the administration of propofol alone(P–TIVA) and ketamine–medetomidine–propofol (KM–P–TIVA) in adult horses. The carotid artery was translocated to a subcutaneous position during TIVA with P–TIVA (n = 6) or KM–P–TIVA (n = 6). All horses were premedicated with medetomidine [0.005 mg kg^–1, intravenously (IV)]. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.04 mg kg^–1 IV) and ketamine (2.5 mg kg IV). All horses were orotracheally intubated and breathed 100% oxygen. The KM drug combination (ketamine 40 mg mL^–1 and medetomidine 0.05 mg mL^–1) was infused at a rate of 0.025 mL kg^–1 hour^–1. Subsequently, a loading dose of propofol (0.5 mg kg^–1, bolus IV) was administered to all horses; surgical anesthesia (determined by horse response to incision and surgical manipulation, positive response being purposeful or spontaneous movement of limbs or head) was maintained by varying the propofol infusion rate as needed. Arterial blood pressure and HR were also monitored. Both methods of producing TIVA provided excellent general anesthesia for the surgical procedure. Anesthesia time was 115 ± 17 (mean ± SD) and 112 ± 11 minutes in horses anesthetized with KM–P–TIVA and P–TIVA, respectively. The infusion rate of propofol required to maintain surgical anesthesia with KM–P–TIVA was significantly less than for P–TIVA (mean infusion rate of propofol during anesthesia; KM–P–TIVA 0.15 0.02 P–TIVA 0.23 ± 0.03 mg kg^–1 minute^–1, p = 0.004). Apnea occurred in all horses lasting 1–2 minutes and intermittent positive pressure ventilation was started. Cardiovascular function was maintained during both methods of producing TIVA. There were no differences in the time to standing after the cessation of anesthesia (KM–P–TIVA 62 ± 10 minutes versus P–TIVA 87 ± 36 minutes, p = 0.150). The quality of recovery was good in KM–P–TIVA and satisfactory in P–TIVA. KM–P–TIVA and P–TIVA produced clinically useful general anesthesia with minimum cardiovascular depression. Positive pressure ventilation was required to treat respiratory depression. Respiratory depression and apnea must be considered prior to the use of propofol in the horse.     

H1N1亚型猪流感病毒血凝素基因的克隆与表达

应用RT-PCR方法扩增了1株H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的血凝素基因,并克隆到pMD 18-T Simple载体中,经PCR、酶切和测序验证克隆正确后,亚克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )中,构建了重组质粒pcDNA-HA。在脂质体作用下重组质粒pcDNA-HA转染Vero细胞。间接免疫荧光试验结果表明,血凝素基因在Vero细胞中成功进行了瞬时表达,这为猪流感病毒DNA疫苗的进一步研究奠定了基础。