离子注入水稻种子萌发过程中的自由基和SOD酶研究

用能量30Kw_1剂量6×10~(16)N~ /cm~2的氮离子束辐照水稻早籼品种广陆矮4号,用ESR波谱术和氮蓝四唑(NBT)还原法测定水稻种子萌发过程中的自由基和SOD酶的变化.在室温和低温下测定离子注入水稻干种子的ESR谱,结果表明:辐照后的水稻干种子有较高的自由基产额;低温测定ESR波谱显现出二条谱峰,这为糖和蛋白质在电离辐射作用下产生的特征峰.种子萌发过程中的自由基变化是在种子吸水8小时时自由基浓度锐减,16小时降至最低点;自由基清除酶之一SOD酶,随着吸水时间的增加,酶活性逐渐增加,SOD酶的清除作用主要表现在生物体内源自由基的清除.最后生物体内自由基和SOD酶形成动态平衡.     

小麦7D染色体数量性状基因定位和效应估计的研究

综合应用方差分析法、区间定位法和联合定位法将控制抽穗期、有效穗数、小穗数、５０粒重和单穗产量等５个性状的６个数量性状基因座（ＱＴＬ）定位在小麦７Ｄ染色体上。其中控制粒重的ＱＴＬ有２个。这些ＱＴＬ集中分布在着丝粒附近和染色体长臂的末端两个区域。效应估计结果表明多数ＱＴＬ的效应是微效的，控制同一个性状（粒重）的两个ＱＴＬ的效应几乎相等。比较３种ＱＴＬ定位法的分析结果，方差分析简单有效，且当染色体上只有     

烟草种子超干燥保存技术研究初报

利用不同的干燥剂以及干燥剂与种子的不同比例对烟草种子进行超干燥保存研究,试图找到最有效、最安全的烟草种子超干贮存方法,并探索水分的降低规律,超干燥后对种子活力的影响等等。通过试验研究,寻找出超干燥条件下最低水分的临界值及配套完善种子超干技术,致使在常温下烟草种子保存寿命达到中期库的水平。     

玉米改良单交种选育方法的研究：Ⅱ.姊妹系和姊妹种的配合力研究

以ＧｒｉｆｉｎｇＩＩ双列杂交试验和ＮＣＩＩ遗传交配试验，测定玉米８个姊妹系及其２８个姊妹种的一般配合惫，结果两者基本一致。玉米妹系的一般配合力是一种遗传特性，它既可遗传给其组成的姊妹种，又能通过姊妹和种遗传给其组成的改良单交种；姊妹种的一般配合力与其双亲姊妹系一般配合力均值之间没有显著差异，并呈密切相关，这阐明了改良单交种与其对应的普通单交种相似的原因，并为改进和简化改良单交种选育程序提供理论依据     

低温对杂交一代黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响

对四个黄瓜亲本及其杂交一代（Ｆ１）的生理特性试验研究表明，Ｆ１的相对电导值与双亲的相对电导值呈正相关关系。ＭＤＡ含量在低温处理４８ｈ后上升，７２ｈ后下降，较耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量低于双亲平均值，不耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量高于双亲的平均值。２低温处理７２ｈ后ＣＡＴ酶活性下降。ＰＯＤ酶活性上升；ＰＯＤ酶同工酶分析表明，低温处理后酶带数增加，耐低温的Ｆ１酶带增加较多。     

普通小麦醇溶蛋白和高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对品质的影响

利用ＳＤ－ＰＡＧＥ和改良的ＡＰＡＧＥ方法分析了１１２４份不同来源普通小麦材料的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和麦醇溶蛋白谱带的组成。根据多元性回归分析筛同ｇｌｉ４２,３,６２．７,３９．６（２）,１１．４,２３．０,ｇｌｕ５＋１０等蛋白谱带对以沉降值为代表的烘烤品质起增效作用。Ｇｌｉ,１,Ｇｌｉ２,Ｇｌｕ１三位点对烘烤品质以加性效应为主。品种间品质性状变异的２８％－４３％由两种蛋白组份的差异所决定而一种蛋白     

空气源热泵用作北京保育猪舍地暖的供暖效果研究

中国"2+26"城市禁煤供暖,猪场迫切需要找到可以替代燃煤、满足供暖需求的供暖方式。为了解空气源热泵在猪舍地暖的供暖效果,选择北京猪舍,配置空气源热泵设备,进行供暖期间保育猪舍热环境效果试验。结果表明:试验期间,室外最低和最高温度分别为-11.0和12.1℃;在地暖供暖猪舍中,地面温度与供水温度、室外温度都呈正比例相关关系,与供暖距离呈反比例线性关系;在系统供水温度范围为30.0～41.0℃时,猪舍无猪单元距离分水器最近(24 m)测点和最远(60 m)测点地面温度为19.1～28.6℃;实际供水温度平均值较设定温度降低1.8～4.0℃;距离分水器最近(24 m)测点地面温度较实际系统供水温度下降8.3～13.1℃;距离分水器最远(60 m)测点较最近测点(24 m)地面温度下降0.5～1.8℃。无猪时,0.3 m高温度较地面温度降低5.0℃;距离地面0.3 m以上不同高度温度变化不明显。对于北京保育猪舍适宜采用空气源热泵地暖供暖,推荐蓄水罐设定温度宜为43～32℃,实际供水温度宜为40.6～29.9℃。     

Risk assessment,spatial distribution,and source identification of heavy metal(loid)s in paddy soils along the Zijiang River basin,in Hunan Province,China

Purpose

This study aimed to reveal spatial distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn in paddy soils in the Zijiang River basin and to evaluate its pollution status and potential ecological risks, and thus to provide basic information for rational utilization of paddy soils in the study area.

Materials and methods

The heavy metal(loid) concentrations in one hundred and thirty-five paddy soil samples (these samples were collected from the top 0–20 cm layer) were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metal(loid)s were depicted by the Ordinary Kriging interpolation analysis. The contamination degree and potential ecological risks of the heavy metal(loid)s in paddy soils were assessed by Nemerow’s comprehensive index, geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk factor, and potential ecological risk index. The potential sources of the heavy metal(loid)s were deduced by Pearson’s correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis.

Results and discussion

The mean concentrations of the heavy metal(loid)s decreased in the order of Mn?>?V?≈?Zn?>?Cr?>?Ni?≈?Pb?>?Cu?≈?Sb?>?As?>?Cd. Except for Cd and Sb, the mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were close to the background reference values. The concentration of Cd in 94.8% of samples exceeded the soil quality standard value (grade II, 5.5?<?pH?<?6.5, GB 15618–1995). According to the assessments of pollution and potential ecological risks for the heavy metal(loid)s, 45.2% and 46.7% of samples were severely polluted and moderately polluted, respectively. The potential sources analysis indicated that Cd, Sb, and Zn mainly originated from agricultural, mining, and smelting activities; As, Cu, and Pb mainly originated from agricultural activities, while coal combustion by-products was another major source of these heavy metal(loid)s in paddy soils near the thermal power plant in the southwest corner of the study area; Cr, V, Mn, and Ni mainly originated from natural source.

Conclusions

Cadmium and Sb are the main contaminants in paddy soils in the study area, and there are hot-spot pollution areas.