浙江省低丘缓坡区水土流失及其对策

浙江省低丘缓坡区有土地资源3万8235km^2,对浙江省经济建设与社会发展具有重要意义。阐述浙江省低丘缓坡区土地资源开发利用的主要领域及发展趋势,分析低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用中水土保持存在的主要问题,提出水土流失综合治理的对策。     

Detection of full and limited amphidromous migratory dynamics of fish in Caribbean rivers

All native fishes living in the Caribbean island rivers are considered diadromous but few species have been validated as diadromous. In Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles) as well as in the other tropical islands, the riverine habitats are subject to strong anthropogenic pressure due to resource modifications or dams. The management of fish biodiversity requires knowledge concerning their life history traits and behaviour that are still unknown for most species at a local scale and at the whole distribution area of the species. In a Guadeloupe river, we inferred the migratory patterns of four freshwater fishes common to Caribbean rivers by the analysis of otolith microchemistry. We found two species Eleotris perniger (Eleotridae) and Sicydium plumieri (Gobiidae) to be completely amphidromous with a marine larval phase and a freshwater adult phase. Agonostomus monticola (Mugilidae) was also found to be amphidromous in this system. The fourth species Gobiesox cephalus (Gobiesocidae) showed elemental ratios suggesting an estuarine larval phase and was defined as “limited amphidromous”. The identification of such life history traits, with limited dispersion abilities, argues for specific management measures in tropical island rivers at a basin scale for the conservation of biodiversity.     

限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪的生长肥育性能分析

为探索限饲模式下宁乡花猪商品猪生长肥育性能以适应品牌猪肉具备风味性、安全性需要,在初生重(0.98±0.02)kg饲养(99.69±2.48)d的基础上,相应于25~35 kg、35~60 kg、60~75 kg等3个体重阶段,采用精料重分别占90%、80%、70%,青料重分别占10%、20%、30%配制饲粮,并按8.5成饱模式饲喂。结果表明:1)试猪由体重(24.79±0.64)kg饲养至出栏日龄(243.77±2.67)d、出栏体重(78.22±1.76)kg,该生长肥育全程(144.03±0.23)d、日增重(370.50±9.50)g、料重比(3.51±0.03),充分体现出限饲模式可行性;2)在≤240 d、240~260 d、>260 d的日龄梯级下分别以初生重(1.02±0.02)kg、(0.94±0.04)kg、(0.99±0.08)kg所求取的日增体重百分率曲线与日龄梯级呈负相关态势,显现日龄低梯级明显优于高梯级,反映出生长强度与日龄负相关的必然性;3)自起运至屠宰分别间隔5 h、29 h的胴体率、白条率的相差值达5.04和5.05个百分点,屠宰间隔直接造成胴体损失。     

猪蛋白质二硫化物异构酶A4基因克隆及密码子偏好性分析

试验旨在研究猪蛋白质二硫化物异构酶(protein disulfide isomerase A4,PDIA4)基因的密码子使用特性及其与其他物种密码子使用的差异。试验以香猪子宫组织为试验材料,采用RT-PCR方法扩增获得猪PDIA4基因,参考从NCBI数据库中下载的18个不同物种PDIA4基因序列,对猪PDIA4基因的密码子使用特性及其与其他物种密码子的使用差异和进化关系进行分析,同时对猪PDIA4基因与4个模式生物密码子使用偏性进行比较。结果表明,猪PDIA4基因编码区长1 941 bp,共编码646个氨基酸。与NCBI数据库公布的野猪PDIA4基因(GenBank登录号:NM_001267834.1)的相似性达99%。猪PDIA4基因偏好使用G/C结尾的密码子,27种密码子为猪PDIA4基因的偏好密码子(RSCU>1),其中使用频率最高的前3个密码子分别为CTG(RSCU=3.69)、GCC(RSCU=2.31)和CGC(RSCU=2.29)。比较19个物种PDIA4基因发现,不同物种间PDIA4基因的有效密码子数(ENc)、密码子适应指数(CAI)、GC含量以及T、C、A、G、G+C在密码子第3位含量(T3s、C3s、A3s、G3s、GC3s)均存在差异,且密码子偏好以G/C结尾;聚类分析发现,基于CDS序列的系统进化树更符合19个物种的真实分类系统。在密码子使用频率上,猪PDIA4基因与小鼠基因组间密码子使用偏好程度更为接近,故小鼠更适合作为猪PDIA4基因的遗传转化和异源表达的受体系统。     

Diet composition, herbage intake and digestibility in Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats grazing on native Leymus chinensis plant communities

The botanical composition, intake and digestibility of the diet selected by Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats grazing on a native Leymus chinensis plant community were measured in two grazing periods (June and August) using the n-alkane markers. In each grazing period, 48 Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats (24 wethers and 24 does with an average live weight of 22.1 ± 1.2 kg and 19.6 ± 0.8 kg, respectively) were divided in two groups (G1: grazing group; G2: cage-fed group) of 24 animals each. Based on the observation of G1 grazing behaviour, G2 goats were fed on herbage obtained by a simulative method and were housed in metabolism cages to determine the alkane faecal recoveries. Diet composition was estimated by comparing the odd-chain n-alkane pattern (C₂₅–C₃₅) of the selected plant species with the n-alkane faecal concentrations, corrected for their incomplete faecal recovery. The alkane pair C₃₂:C₃₃ and C₃₆ alkane were used to estimate intake and diet digestibility, respectively. The results showed that the increase of herbage availability from June to August, resulted in higher (P < 0.05) DM, CP, ME, ADF and NDF intake of both wethers and does, with no evident changes in ADF and NDF intake in does., The intake of nutrients differed significantly between wethers and does in both experimental periods, except for NDF in EP1 and ME in EP2. Differences between grazing seasons and goats' sex in nutrients digestibility were not observed. Diet composition indicated seasonal differences, being Sonchus brachyotus, Artemisia frigida and Phragmites communis the main components of the diet in June. However, Suaeda corniculata, Chloris virgata, Xanthium sibiricum and Echinochloa crusgalli became the main diet components in August. Moreover, the sex affected significantly the diet choices in both grazing periods.     

我国动物产品贸易现状及其“一带一路”战略下的贸易政策探析

"一带一路"战略为提升我国动物产品质量安全,增强其国际竞争力,保障产业持续健康发展,创造了良好的发展契机。本文从生产、消费、贸易的角度,简要介绍了近年来世界动物产品的贸易情况;分析了1995-2014年间我国动物产品进出口数量及价格变化趋势。分析认为:我国动物产品内外价格倒挂、国际检疫措施愈加严格、国际市场竞争力低等是影响我国动物产品贸易的主要因素;"一带一路"战略将给我国动物产品贸易带来实现资源互补、推动互利互惠、完善区域标准的机遇。同时提出了在提高肉类产品自给能力的基础上适度进口、加大产业发展扶持力度、加大农业走出去力度、加大双多边谈判力度、拓宽"一带一路"及新兴市场等政策建议,为我国动物产品国际贸易政策的制定提供了参考。     

细胞水平高赖氨酸小麦选择的研究

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