常用实验动物血清雌二醇和孕酮的测定及比较

目的测定NIH、BABL/C、C57BL/6J小鼠、SD、Wistar大鼠和长爪沙鼠等几种常用实验动物的血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,为动物生殖和胚胎工程等方面的研究提供基础资料。方法用放射免疫分析法测定上述动物生产前后血清雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,进行统计学处理和比较。结果在未生产动物中,血清E2、P的含量与特定物种的体重呈正相关的趋势(p<0.01);血清P的含量在动物生产前后变化较大,生产过动物均高于未生产动物(p<0.01)。结论动物血清E2、P的含量具种属特异性;但在已生产动物中似无明显关联。血清P的含量变化与其在动物体内的正常分泌及生理功能相对应。     

菌株As56对饲料中非淀粉多糖的降解研究

在畜禽饲料中,国内通常把玉米作为主要的能量饲料,很少使用小麦、大麦等麦类原料。主要是麦类饲料中含有非淀粉多糖(non-starch polvsaccharide．NSP)等抗营养因子而限制了其在饲料中的应用．但随着我国养殖规模的不断扩大和饲料工业的迅速发展,将出现玉米供应紧缺的状况。据预测．到2020年我同能量饲料缺口将达到0．83亿吨。     

褪黑素对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

采用对比试验,将120只1日龄AA肉鸡分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组不添加褪黑素,试验组添加褪黑素10mg/kg,研究褪黑素对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。试验结果表明:试验期间,鸡的平均日增重(ADG)、饲料转化率(FCR)差异显著(P<0.05);平均日采食量(ADFI)差异不显著(P>0.05);胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数试验组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

射频识别技术在畜禽养殖中的应用与展望

随着畜禽规模养殖的发展,高度集约化养殖模式将影响畜禽的健康状况、疫病防控和福利水平。一种无接触、无应激的射频识别（Radio Frequency Identifi cation,RFID）技术应运而生,该技术可以在无损状态下采集畜禽的行为、生理生化和养殖环境指标,从而为评估集约化养殖的效果和影响提供基础数据。文章讨论了三种常见类型的RFID系统在畜禽养殖中的应用,系统地比较了各类系统的优缺点及适宜应用场景,进一步提出RFID在畜禽养殖中的未来应用方向,以期为深化畜禽信息采集的研究提供参考。     

Effect of gut stress induced by oxidized wheat gluten on the growth performance,gut morphology and oxidative states of broilers

This study was to investigate the effect of oxidized wheat gluten (OG) on growth performance, gut morphology and its oxidative states of broilers. One hundred and eighty‐day‐old male broilers (10 chicks/pen) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: control diet (CON), diet with 8% wheat gluten (WG) and diet with 8% OG with six pens/treatment. Body weight (BW) (21 and 35 days) and average daily gain (ADG) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) decreased (p < .05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1–21 days and 22–35 days) increased (p < .05) in OG treatment. Feed intake (FI) decreased (p < .05) in WG and OG treatments during 22–35 days. However, FI was not influenced by dietary treatments during 1–21 days (p > .05). The OG‐fed broilers had a lower faecal pH value (p < .05) and higher faecal moisture content (p < 05) at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. Villus height, crypt depth and V/C value were not different (p > .05) among treatments at 21 and 35 days. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) (21 and 35 days) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (35 days) content in crop of OG treatment increased (p < .05). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (21 days), LPO (21 and 35 days) and MDA (21 and 35 days) content in ileum of OG treatment increased (p < .05). The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) (21 days) and (GSH) (35 days) in ileum of OG treatment decreased (p < .05). The present findings indicate that OG might be a stressor for broiler gut, which could induce oxidative stress both in crop and in ileum, and the diarrhoea as well. The growth performance of broiler was consequently depressed.     

不同饲养制度和方式对银香鸡肉用性状的影响

用不同饲养方式和制度管理银香鸡。结果，在饲养期中的舍饲鸡的饲料报酬高；放出运动鸡的鸡肉味道较好。本研究三种制度中，以前期(1～45d)圈养、后期(46～100d)放出运动综合效果相对较好。     

磷镁促释基质养分释放特性及种植效果

选用4种促释材料(W、Y、QW、FS)对磷矿粉、轻烧氧化镁混合物进行活化处理,配制促释材料含量分别为3%、5%的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型促释磷镁草花基质,通过淋溶试验、盆栽试验研究水溶性磷、镁素释放特性以及对夏堇(Torenia fournieri)、本地长春花(Catharanthus roseus)生长及开花的影响。结果显示,促释材料W、Y、QW、FS对磷矿粉均表现出良好的促释效果,磷镁促释基质水溶性磷淋溶总量较不添加促释磷镁显著增加了15.42%~27.10%(P0.05);添加4种促释材料对水溶性镁总量释放效果均不显著(P0.05)。促释磷镁W-Ⅰ不仅增加了夏堇开花数量,同时对本地长春花的冠幅增长、分枝以及地上部生物量积累有促进作用;FS-Ⅱ则有利于夏堇地上部生物量的积累;Y-Ⅰ则对夏堇、本地长春花生长无促进作用。综合考虑,草花基质添加促释磷镁W-Ⅰ、FS-Ⅱ应用效果最好,其最适添加比例分别为3.09、3.16 kg·m-3。     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

斑茅F1杂交可育亲本选择及其回交后代鉴定和主要经济性状

选用8个Badila(甘蔗热带种)与斑茅属间杂交F1品系与9个甘蔗栽培品种配制了24个回交组合，其中6个F1品系的13个组合杂交可育，共获346株BC1实生苗．经同工酶分析，其中320个株系具有斑茅的特征酶带，为斑茅的真实后代。在杂交可育性和BC1后代主要经济性状方面，斑茅F1品系间和杂交组合问均存在显著差异。斑茅BC1后代的产量性状和糖分仍与甘蔗栽培品种有较大差距，但各性状的最大值已与栽培品种的相当。初步研究结果表明，YC96—40和YC95—41是较好的斑茅F1亲本材料。