水、氮、钾互作对砂田嫁接西瓜产量和品质的影响

【目的】西北砂田嫁接西瓜生产中水肥管理不当常造成品质下降。研究采用膜下滴灌栽培模式,水、氮、钾三因素组合对西瓜产量和品质的影响,为西北砂田嫁接西瓜高产、优质生产提供理论依据。【方法】以中晚熟西瓜品种‘金城5号’为供试材料进行微区试验。以水(W)、氮(N)、钾(K)为3个主因素,采用二次饱和D-最优设计确立了3因素5水平试验,共11个处理。测定西瓜产量和品质,分别建立产量、平均含糖量与水肥用量二次回归拟合数学模型,并计算产量和品质目标下的水肥用量。【结果】主因子效应分析表明,对西瓜产量的影响顺序为W>N>K,水对产量的正效应和氮对产量的负效应均极显著,钾对西瓜产量影响不显著。对西瓜品质的影响顺序为N>K>W,氮、钾对西瓜品质的正效应和水对西瓜品质的负效应均达到显著水平。对西瓜产量的耦合效应分析表明,交互效应表现为N×W>N×K>W×K,W×K的交互效应大于氮的单因素效应。对西瓜品质的耦合效应结果为W×K>W×N>N×K。产量与水肥回归模型计算得出,西瓜产量超过60 t/hm²的W、N、K组合方案为灌水量808～1017...     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

生物农药壳寡糖水剂防治小麦纹枯病药效试验

通过对10%壳寡糖水剂助剂用量的影响、助剂对药效的影响、pH值对制剂贮存稳定性的影响试验,筛选出10%壳寡糖水剂的最佳配方,防治小麦纹枯病的试验结果表明,室内处理剂量600μg·mL-1、田间处理剂量1500 μg·mL-1对小麦纹桔病的防治效果可达88.40%～90.60%,且对供试作物安全.     

人居环境安全视角下的北京市浅山区泥石流防灾林规划研究

[目的]城市边缘的浅山区是人类生产生活与自然生境的交接缓冲区,也是人居环境面对泥石流等自然灾害风险脆弱性较高的区域.相比通过工程方法降低浅山区中自然灾害威胁,防灾林选址规划作为基于生态系统的方法,可以恢复健康的生态系统,提供多样的生态系统服务并有效降低灾害风险,提高人居环境对自然灾害的抵抗力与适应力.[方法]本研究提出...     

蒸汽压片玉米加工工艺及其对牛生产性能的影响

蒸汽压片是一种对玉米进行湿热加工的加工工艺,可以提高玉米的生物学价值,改善其利用率,可以提高瘤胃淀粉、过瘤胃淀粉和总肠道淀粉消化率。同时还可以促进其它物质的消化代谢,减少氮、磷的排泄。经过严格质量控制的蒸汽压片玉米可以提高舍饲肉牛的肉料比和提高奶牛的产奶量和乳蛋白量。     

澳大利亚森林经营方案编制及借鉴

介绍了澳大利亚森林经营方案编制的有关情况, 分析了我国与澳大利亚在编制森林经营方案方面存在的差距, 借鉴澳大利亚的经验, 结合我国国情林情, 提出了如下建议: (1)提高方案编制质量; (2)要明确法律地位, 确保森林经营方案实施; (3)顺应改革的需求, 尊重经营者意愿; (4)加强编制方案人员业务培训, 提高其素质和水平。     

长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪免疫机能的影响

试验选用60头23日龄±1日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮 500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌,测定断奶仔猪免疫机能的变化。结果显示,在断奶后0d～21d饲喂高锌日粮能显著提高仔猪白细胞吞噬率和T淋巴细胞转化率,增加血清免疫球蛋白水平;而在断奶后42d、70d,仔猪白细胞吞噬率、T淋巴细胞转化和血清IgG、IgA水平显著下降。     

日粮添加LA和DHA对乳脂脂肪酸含量及比值的影响

本试验选用带有永久性瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛4头,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,研究日粮添加亚油酸(LA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对乳常规组成、消化道各段食糜pH以及乳脂脂肪酸构成的影响.试验结果表明:添加LA和DHA不影响乳蛋白和乳糖含量(P>0.05),而添加DHA有显著降低乳脂含量的趋势(P>0.05);日粮共同添加LA与DHA能提高十二指肠前消化道的pH,但差异不显著(P>0.05),而单独添加DHA显著降低了回肠的pH(P<0.05);日粮单独添加DHA增加乳脂中C23:0脂肪酸的含量,但并不降低乳脂中总饱和脂肪酸量.与对照组相比,LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中总多不饱和脂肪酸增加了100%(P<0.05).LA与DHA共同添加使乳脂中饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸由3.18降低至1.24(P<0.05).添加DFIA使乳脂中总单不饱和脂肪酸/多不饱和脂肪酸由5.94降低至3.00(P<0.05).上述研究结果表明,日粮添加LA和DHA可改变乳脂中脂肪酸的组成和比例,有利于人体健康,但DHA使产奶量有一定程度的降低.     

精准定时输精对后备母猪早期胚胎发育与繁殖性能的影响

为探讨精准定时输精(fixed-time artificial insemination,FTAI)对后备母猪早期胚胎发育和繁殖性能的影响,试验1选取自主培育的金乌猪后备母猪43头,随机分为2组,其中,对照组24头,为自然发情,观察后人工配种(artificial insemination,AI);试验组19头,为精准...     

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and arterial pressure regulation

AIM and METHODS:To clarify the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the regulation of blood pressure,in the present study, we examined the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS on the hemodinamical response of Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats to low (0.3%) or high (8%) sodium chloride (NaCl) infusion by chronical in vivo hemodynamic experiment, and the effect of NaCl or NaCl plus AG infusion on urinary nitrate (NO₃)/nitrite (NO₂), the end product of nitric oxide (NO), excretion by Greiss Reaction. Furthermore, NOS activity assay was also carried out to probe the effect of NaCl and AG on calcium-dependent or independent NOS activity in renal tissue. RESULTS:1. High or low NaCl-infused DR rats and low NaCl-infused DS rats have no hemodinamical response to AG, however, the hypertensive effect of high NaCl (8%) infusion on DS rats were greatly amplified by co-infusion of AG. 2. Administration of high NaCl significantly elevated the iNOS activity of renal tissue, and greatly increased urinary NO₃/NO₂ excretion. CONCLUSION:Inducible NOS is an important modulator of arterial pressure, especially in case of higher blood pressure.