电解功能水在养殖业的应用展望

电解功能水是稀食盐水或稀盐酸溶液在电场作用下电解出的水溶液,根据电解程度不同可分为酸性电解水和碱性电解水。酸性电解水具有较强的杀菌能力,且杀菌广谱高效、安全、无化学物质残留;碱性电解水具有还原性,可作为活性饮用水。介绍了电解功能水的生成原理、杀菌机理和功能特性以及在养殖业的应用前景,以及对改善畜禽饲养环境、实现健康养殖的重要意义。     

Influence of management practices on soil organic matter changes in the Northern China plain and Northeastern China

Soil organic matter (SOM) is strongly related to soil type and management practices. Changes in government policy have brought drastic changes in farm management practices in the last two decades in rural China. This study investigates changes in SOM in two different soils: Ustepts and Udolls. Ustepts, in the North China Plain where the climate is warm and sub-humid, developed from an alluvial flood plain with organic matter <10 g kg⁻¹. Udolls, in Northeastern China where the climate is cool and sub-humid, developed from loess-like materials with organic matter >20 g kg⁻¹. Two locations for Ustepts and three locations for Udolls were used to collect 567 soil samples in 1980–1982 and again in 2000 for SOM analysis. Soil organic matter increased for Ustepts and decreased for Udolls soils over the sampling period, resulting from differences in fertilizer rates and crop residue input to soil. Higher fertilizer input and crop intensity and initially very low SOM content in Ustepts all contributed to greater OM input than oxidation release. In contrast, lower fertilizer input and crop intensity, and initially high SOM content in the Udolls, led to lower OM input than oxidation release. Increasing SOM content through higher mineral fertilizer input is a valuable option for sustainable agriculture production in areas where SOM is low and there is a shortage or potential shortage of food supply.     

中药渣用于培养灵芝菌的研究及功能成分分析

该文利用中药渣培养灵芝菌，研究灵芝菌的最适发酵条件,子实体生长条件及其生物活性成分（灵芝多糖及灵芝三萜化合物）和重金属含量。结果表明：灵芝菌固体发酵最适温度为26～28℃，培养基含水量55～60%，pH5.0～6.0，氧气充足，无需光照；子实体的适宜生长条件为：温度25～30℃，空气湿度90%左右，pH4.0～6.0,氧气充足，需要光照。分析检测了灵芝酸多糖含量，重金属含量均在安全范围内。     

FAO可持续土地资源管理综合规划指南及启示

土地资源可持续利用是基于可持续发展的核心内容——资源的可持续利用而形成的，指对人类生存所依赖的物质资源，在追求经济效益最大的同时，维持和改善土地资源的生产条件和环境基础。在当前社会主义市场经济体制下,可持续土地资源管理的任务主要依靠政府严格的土地利用规划事先调节和控制，引导、限制或鼓励人们的土地利用行为，保证土地资源的合理配置和可持续利用。该文试图在分析FAO的土地规划的概念、内容、体系、成功的关键因素、及编制的步骤和方法基础上，展开探讨并对完善我国土地利用规划提出了借鉴意义。     

Fatty acid profiles, tocopherol contents, and antioxidant activities of heartnut (Juglans ailanthifolia Var. cordiformis) and Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

The fatty acid and tocopherol compositions of three heartnut (Juglans ailanthifolia var. cordiformis) varieties (Imshu, Campbell CW1, and Campbell CW3) were examined and compared with those of two Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) varieties (Combe and Lake). The major fatty acids found in heartnuts and walnuts were identified by gas chromatography as linoleic (18:2n-6), alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3), oleic (18:1n-9), palmitic (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0). Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the main group of fatty acids found in both heartnut and walnut, ranging from 73.07 to 80.98%, and were significantly higher in heartnut than in Persian walnuts (P < 0.001). In addition, heartnuts had significantly higher levels of 18:2n-6 and lower levels of 18:3n-3 compared to the Persian walnuts. gamma-Tocopherol was the main tocopherol homologue present in both types of nuts, followed by delta- and alpha-tocopherol. The highest concentration of gamma-tocopherol was found in Combe Persian walnut at 267.87 mug/g, followed by Lake Persian walnut and Imshu, Campbell CW1, and CW3 heartnut at 205.45, 187.33, 161.84, and 126.46 mug/g, respectively. Tocopherols, particularly the gamma-tocopherol, were found to contribute the most to the strong total antioxidant activities of both walnut and heartnut oils using either the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay or the photochemiluminescence method.     

促进水土保持方案编报工作的几种措施

水土流失已成为我国的头号环境问题,正在对国民经济和社会发展构成严重威胁,而编报水土保持方案是开发建设项目防治水土流失的首要前提。因此,要充分利用各种宣传工具,采取多种形式,广泛宣传有关法律法规,特别是要加大对各级领导和项目审批把关部门的宣传力度。重庆市沙坪坝区采取宣传、审批、监督等多种措施,水土保持方案编报率得到不断提高。     

上海市区公园表层土壤铅含量及其污染评价

通过对上海市区44个公园土壤中Pb含量的调查,发现表层土壤中Pb的平均含量为55．06 mg/kg, 变幅为26．39-174．35 mg/kg,为上海市土壤环境背景值的1．04-6．85倍。运用地积累指数法对公园表层土壤Pb 污染进行评价,结果表明:超过半数的公园为轻度污染至中等污染,近1/3的公园无污染, 6个公园达到中等污染和中等污染至强污染水平。通过对土壤Pb含量的空间分布分析发现,上海市区公园土壤中Pb主要来源于交通和工业污染,土壤Pb含量与公园建成时间无显著性相关。     

基于UML的冬小麦灌溉集成控制研究

针对冬小麦自动灌溉系统的信息化程度较低的问题,基于UML对冬小麦灌溉集成控制系统进行了设计.该系统的硬件主要组成为实时监测系统、集中控制系统、水泵控制系统、可视系统、通信系统和报警系统,系统采用UML作为建模语言,配套Rational Rose作为分析工具,通过对系统进行需求分析并建模,以保证系统软件的设计人员、开发人...     

土壤消毒机蒸汽输送装置的设计与数值模拟

土传病虫害严重制约了设施栽培的发展。蒸汽消毒相比于其他土壤消毒方法,具有诸多优点,其利用高温杀死土壤中的病虫草害,提高了土壤的通透性和排水性,且对环境无任何污染。为此,基于脉冲式土壤蒸汽消毒机的总体结构,重点对蒸汽输送装置的注射针头以及蒸汽罩盖、针头间距、针头数目等蒸汽盘关键结构参数进行了设计。利用Fluent软件对土壤传热模型进行了数值模拟,分析了注射针头周围土壤的温度分布云图。结果表明:持续施加蒸汽7min、停止通蒸汽35min后,在半径10cm内、深度21cm范围内,土壤的温度能保持在90℃以上,验证了蒸汽输送装置结构的合理性。     

IWOS系统在配网故障处理中的应用

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,全社会用电量不断上升,对电网的可靠性、安全性和电能质量也提出越来越高的要求。由于历史原因,配网建设欠账较多,总体基础薄弱,发展落后于主网,区域、城乡之间发展不均衡,水平差异大,存在明显短板。随着电动汽车、分布式电源、微电网、储能装置的快速发展,对配电网的安全性、经济性、互动性、适应性提出越来越高的要求。在国家电网公司建设“大运行”体系、推进地调县调一体化进程背景下,建设安全智能的配网自动化系统成为当务之急,但现有配网线路大多存在着技术、设备落后等问题,自动化水平不高,难以直接建成大规模的配网自动化系统。