Determination of net energy content of soybean oil fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

The objectives of this experiment were: (i) to determine the net energy (NE) of soybean oil (SBO) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC); and (ii) to evaluate the effects of inclusion rate of SBO on heat production, oxidative status and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows were allotted to three diets based on completely randomized design with six replicate pigs (period) per diet. Diets included a corn‐soybean meal basal diet and two test diets containing 5% or 10% SBO at the expense of corn and soybean meal. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 14 days, including 7 days to adapt to feed, metabolism crate and environmental conditions. On day 8, pigs were transferred to the open‐circuit respiration chambers for measurement of daily O₂ consumption and CO₂ and CH₄ production. During this time, pigs were fed one of the three diets at 2.4 MJ metabolizable energy/kg body weight (BW)^0.6/day. Total feces and urine were collected and daily total heat production (THP) was measured from days 9 to 13 and fasted on day 14 to evaluate their fasting heat production (FHP). The results show that trends of decreased apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.09) and acid detergent fiber (linear, P = 0.07) were observed as the content of dietary lipids increased. The average THP for the three diets were 1326, 1208 and 1193 kJ/kg BW^0.6/day, respectively. The FHP of pigs averaged 843 kJ/kg BW^0.6/day and was not affected by diet characteristics. A reduction of the respiratory quotients in the fed state as the inclusion level of SBO increased was observed. In conclusion, the NE values of SBO we determined by indirect calorimetry were 33.45 and 34.05 MJ/kg dry matter under two inclusion levels. THP could be largely reduced when SBO is added in the feed, but the THP of SBO included at 5% in a corn‐soybean meal diet is not different from the THP of SBO included at 10%.     

Acute polyneuromyopathy with respiratory failure secondary to monensin intoxication in a dog

Objective

To describe a successfully managed case of polyneuropathy and respiratory failure secondary to presumed monensin intoxication.

Case Summary

A 9‐month‐old Australian Shepherd was evaluated for progressive generalized weakness and respiratory distress. Several days preceding presentation, the dog was seen playing with a monensin capsule, and had free access to a barn where the product was stored and where chewed capsules were subsequently found. The dog was presented with flaccid tetraparesis, hyperthermia, and severe respiratory distress. Bloodwork and urinalysis revealed marked increase in serum creatine kinase concentration and presumed myoglobinuria. Cardiac troponin I level was markedly increased. Management included mechanical ventilation for 5 days, fluid‐therapy, active cooling, antimicrobial therapy, analgesia, gastroprotectants, antiemetics, enteral feedings, continuous nursing care, and physiotherapy. Intravenous lipid rescue therapy was administered with lack of improvement in respiratory function and muscle strength. The patient completely recovered and was discharged after 12 days of hospitalization.

New or Unique Information Provided

Monensin intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute polyneuromyopathy and respiratory failure in dogs with access to this compound. Respiratory failure secondary to monensin intoxication does not necessarily carry a poor prognosis if mechanical ventilation can be provided as a bridge until return of respiratory function is achieved.     

紫茎泽兰处理鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后差异基因筛选和分析

为获得紫茎泽兰处理鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫后差异基因,将0.5%紫茎泽兰提取液作用于鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊孢子化过程,采用抑制消减杂交技术（SSH）筛选处理后卵囊的差异表达基因,通过GO和COG功能预测分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR验证差异表达的基因。结果显示,采用SSH成功构建了紫茎泽兰处理前后鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的cDNA消减文库,获得86条ESTs序列,经拼接和聚类后得到31条独立基因（Unigenes）,其中有23个基因有功能注释,8个基因没有功能注释,另外有4个基因没有同源性匹配。为进一步验证文库的特异性,从中随机选取3个差异表达基因,运用实时荧光定量PCR技术验证表面抗原13、3-羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶和细胞色素P450基因在紫茎泽兰处理前后的表达差异,结果显示,3个基因在经紫茎泽兰处理的鸡球虫孢子化卵囊中的表达量明显低于未处理组,说明紫茎泽兰对柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊具有一定的活性抑制作用。本试验获取了紫茎泽兰作用柔嫩艾美耳球虫卵囊的主要调控基因,为将紫茎泽兰研发成环境杀虫剂奠定了良好的理论基础,也可为球虫致弱疫苗或基因缺失疫苗的靶标筛选研究提供参考。     

黄芪多糖的药理作用及其在仔猪疾病防治中应用的研究进展

黄芪是一味药食两用、补中益气的中国传统中药,黄芪多糖是其最重要的天然活性成分,具有无耐药性、抗菌、抗病毒、提高机体免疫力及抗氧化功能,改善肠道微生态等作用,其中以免疫调节作用最为突出。大量研究证明,黄芪多糖在体内外均具有显著的免疫调节作用。作者归纳了黄芪多糖对免疫相关基因的调控,在器官免疫、细胞免疫、细胞因子和胞内信使物质、心血管系统免疫、抗菌免疫、抗病毒免疫等方面的作用,以及其作为免疫佐剂在猪瘟（CSF）、猪圆环病毒病（PCVD）、猪口蹄疫（FMD）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）、猪支原体肺炎（MPS）等仔猪疾病应用的最新研究进展,发现黄芪多糖主要作为免疫佐剂及动物饲料添加剂使用,应用范围狭窄,缺乏深度的研究开发。今后应加强对分离、纯化后的均一组分低分子质量黄芪多糖及其结构特点,以及其与免疫调节作用间构效关系的研究以提高黄芪多糖疗效,推广其临床应用。     

国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系研究成果介绍（七）——北票市露地红辣椒新品种引进、筛选及配套栽培技术

辽宁省北票市露地红辣椒生产栽培技术的关键是通过新品种的引进、集约化育苗管理、田间节水灌溉、化学催红等新品种新技术的应用，改良原有的红辣椒品种，改善干旱地区水分供应矛盾，提高辣椒优果率，提高红色素含量，从而实现红辣椒生产节本增效的目的。该技术适用于我国北方干旱半干旱地区露地红辣椒生产区。     

不同温光条件对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响

在本田生产条件下,选用辽宁省选育的10个水稻品种为材料,研究4个不同播期、移栽期对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随着播期和移栽期的延后,不同品种产量呈下降趋势;随着移栽期的延后,各个品种的蛋白质含量显著提高。     

未孕和3个月孕龄的小尾寒羊子宫内膜β-防御素的表达研究

β-防御素主要分布于哺乳动物黏膜上皮细胞内,是黏膜表面抗微生物屏障的组成成分.小尾寒羊是重要的家畜之一.应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分别对未孕和孕龄3个月的小尾寒羊子宫内膜β-防御素mRNA的表达进行了荧光定量PCR检测和分析,结果表明,在未孕子宫和怀孕子宫内膜组织中均有β-防御素mRNA的表达,但怀孕的子宫内膜组织中的表达量高于未孕子宫,说明β-防御素在生殖生理中有着重要的作用,为进一步研究生殖生理中的免疫防御机制奠定理论基础.     

二倍体马铃薯花药培养再生体系的优化

选取与花药培养相关的因素及水平进行探讨，以优化二倍体马铃薯花药培养的再生体系。结果表明：二倍体马铃薯花药培养的最适基因型为BD40-2、BD54-8和BD10-7|对于促进花药诱导，低温、热激、离心、甘露醇4种预处理之间存在极显著差异，确定最佳的预处理为低温6 d、热激4 d、离心4 000 r?min-1、甘露醇处理2 d|2,4-D为1.0 mg?L-1、6-BA为0.1 mg?L-1的激素配比的花药诱导率最高|碳源选用麦芽糖，浓度为3%|培养基中添加1 mmol?L-1 STS诱导的愈伤花药数显著高于培养基中添加50 mg?L-1 AgNO3。     

抗菌肽对蛋鸡血清免疫指标及脾脏白细胞介素2mRNA表达量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同水平抗菌肽对蛋鸡血清免疫指标及脾脏白细胞介素2(IL-2)mRNA表达量的影响.选用480只30周龄海赛克斯褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡.对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加200(Ⅱ组)、400(Ⅲ组)、600 mg/kg(Ⅳ组)抗菌肽,试验期4周.结...