油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标评价

为提高油菜苗期抗旱性鉴定效率,筛选抗旱优异种质,以具有代表性的79份油菜为研究材料,通过PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫和盆栽苗期干旱存活率试验,分析油菜苗期在干旱胁迫下鲜重、干重、叶面积、相对含水量和抗氧化酶活性等12个指标的变化规律,结合抗旱系数和抗旱度量值(D值)为衡量指标,对油菜材料进行了抗旱性综合评价.结果表明,...     

叶片被毛对干旱区短命植物狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响

以荒漠短命植物狭果鹤虱为研究对象,通过野外控制实验,研究叶片被毛(leaf hairs)对狭果鹤虱生理生态特征的影响。结果表明:对于叶片有被毛的植物,模拟凝结水能显著提高叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度以及地上生物量(干重),而对根径、根长与地下生物量(干重)表现出较小的效应;对于人工去除叶片被毛的植物,模拟凝结水对其根长、根径、叶厚、叶重、叶片水势、净光合速率、气孔导度、地上与地下生物量的影响不大。由此可知,被毛的存在能显著增加狭果鹤虱叶片吸附凝结水的量,同时也能增强其对干旱环境的适应能力。     

土地利用变化与生态服务功能冲突——以安塞县为例

安塞县位于黄土丘陵沟壑区,经济落后,农业生产水平较低.从土地利用和生态服务功能变化与冲突的角度,分析安塞县农业、环境与生态保护的变化过程与相互作用,指出安塞土地利用变化突出表现为坡地耕垦所引发的土地利用结构的改变;生态服务功能的冲突则主要表现为食物生产与水土保持之间的矛盾.通过资源的有效利用,在实现食物安全的同时,水土流失得到有效控制是完全可能的.     

Periodical characteristics of baseflow in the source region of the Yangtze River

Baseflow,which represents the drainage of groundwater aquifers,is an essential component of runoff in hydrological basins.In the source region of the Yangtze River,the change of baseflow typically reflects the interactions between groundwater system and climatic factors in cold and arid areas.With modified Kalinen separation method,annual baseflow between 1957 and 2009 in this region was estimated and calculated.In comparison with the inner-annual variations of total streamflow,baseflow showed a weaker fluctuation.Before the 1980s,it was in a steady state;and after then,it demonstrated dramatic variations and large amplitudes.Based on the calculation results of baseflow,the real Morlet wavelet method was applied to reveal the periodical characteristics of baseflow as well as the precipitation and air temperature in the study area.It was found that annual baseflow has a 43-year trend as well as a 21-year period and a 7-year period.The 21-year period is most significant,with its wavelet coefficient having the largest fluctuation and amplitude.Summation of wavelet coefficients on these periods exhibits a similar change pattern with respect to that of annual baseflow.The summation curve takes a"W"shape,which means that the baseflow follows a four-stage sequence of descending–ascending–descending–ascending.As analyzed,the relationship among baseflow,precipitation and temperature is implied in the correlation between their normalized wavelet coefficients at different temporal scales.By the significant positive linear correlations both between precipitation and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.98)and between temperature and baseflow(correlation coefficient is 0.90)for the 43-year wavelet coefficients,it is suggested that the long-term increasing trends of precipitation and air temperature will lead to an increasing trend of baseflow.For wavelet coefficients of 21-year and 7-year periods,the positive linear correlation between precipitation and baseflow is significant.However,the correlation between air temperature and baseflow is not so evident,especially for the 21-year period.As a conclusion, correlation analysis with normalized wavelet coefficients showed that the change of annual baseflow was contributed mostly by the change of precipitation and secondly by the change of temperature.     

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区生物变化调查

东莞市"绿韵"生态园区经过近4年的建设,植物种类从原来的175种上升到263种,各类品种资源丰富,布局合理;鸟类、蛙类、蜘蛛、蛇类等野生动物日渐增多,有害昆虫种类数从原来的41种降到36种,主要害虫的种群密度在下降,有益昆虫种类数从原来的8种上升到14种,大多数有益昆虫的种群密度在上升;作物病害的种类数从原来的55种下降到34种,一些主要作物病害发病率在下降。     

塔里木河下游农业生态系统的能值分析——以尉犁绿洲为例

采用能值分析的理论和方法,通过典型能值分析指标的计算,研究了尉犁绿洲1995-2006年间农业生态系统能值的动态变化,评价该绿洲农业生态系统的发展现状。结果表明:塔里木河中下游典型绿洲尉犁的能值总投入明显上升,其中购买能值比重较高,且增长迅速;尉犁绿洲能值总产出12年来稳步上升,种植业处于其主导地位,且上升趋势明显;尉犁绿洲农业经济和农牧民生活水平稳步提高,但系统产业结构过于单一,环境负荷率逐年增加,农业生态系统的可持续性不断降低。     

二手车鉴定评估师操作技能评价系统的设计

依据《旧机动车鉴定评估师国家职业标准》建立了二手车鉴定评估师操作技能评价指标体系,并采取专家咨询的方法对评价指标体系进行了论证.本体系采用层次分析法确定了评价指标的权重,建立了基于模糊综合评价原理的二手车鉴定评估师操作技能评价模型,并通过实例证明了评价系统的可靠性和科学性.     

鸡传染性鼻炎疫苗研究进展

鸡传染性鼻炎(infectious coryza,IC)是由副鸡禽杆菌感染鸡群引起的一种上呼吸道传染病。随着国内养殖环境的改变,该病的防控形势变得更加严峻。目前疫苗防疫是防控IC的主要手段。现有的IC灭活疫苗在防疫IC上有使用方便的优势,但也存在应激大、效果差等不足。对IC目前的常用疫苗、未来疫苗的发展,以及IC防疫策略进行阐述,以期为更好地防控该病提供参考。     

响应面法优化CTF619-D菌株液体发酵工艺研究

为了提高CTF619-D发酵液中的代谢物质浓度,获得更多有效抗菌活性成分,采用响应面法对菌株的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,CTF619-D菌株的最佳发酵条件为摇床转速119.33 r/min、装液量109.75 mL、温度26.78℃。     

包容性增长理念下庆阳市低碳经济发展路径

以能源开采和生产为主的工业城市由于碳排放量大,生态坏境相当脆弱.该研究以能源型城市庆阳市为例,通过对包容性增长和低碳经济相辅相成的内涵分析,指出了庆阳市发展低碳经济的困境,并提出了庆阳市发展低碳经济的路径和方法.