微流控芯片在农产品安全检测中的应用

近年来,随着食品工业的迅猛发展,国内外食品安全事故也频繁发生。开发安全可靠、便携有效的检测方法对食品安全至关重要。微流控芯片集样品前处理、分离和检测等过程为一体,实现了样品前处理和检测分析的自动化、集成化、小型化、低消耗、高效率和便携化,满足了现场、实时检测的需求。本研究对微流控芯片在食品成分、农药残留、兽药残留、食品添加剂和重金属检测中的应用进行归纳总结,为农产品安全检测提供参考。     

火龙果节律钟输出基因HpGI的克隆与表达分析

节律钟输出基因GIGANTEA通过光周期途径促进植物开花,为研究火龙果GIGANTEA同源基因功能,应用RT-PCR克隆获得该基因的开放阅读框序列,命名为Hylocereus polyrhizus GIGANTEA (HpGI),GenBank登录号为MK609546。序列分析结果表明,HpGI开放阅读框长度为3537 bp,编码1178个氨基酸。系统进化分析显示,HpGI与甜菜BvGI、菠菜SoGI、丝石竹GpGI的分子进化距离较近。预测HpGI定位于细胞核,无信号肽和跨膜螺旋结构域,属于非分泌蛋白。基因表达分析结果表明,HpGI基因在茎和花芽中的表达量显著高于茎芽、果皮和根;相比对照,延长光周期处理8 d时,其表达量显著上调。推测HpGI基因可能通过光周期途径促进火龙果开花。     

有棱丝瓜的氮、磷、钾适用量研究

丝瓜是华南地区重要瓜类蔬菜品种,为获得其合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用量,拟通过珠江三角洲3个代表性蔬菜基地开展丝瓜氮、磷、钾肥效田间试验,获得肥料效应方程,求取最佳施肥量。试验结果表明,丝瓜获得高产和高效益要求氮、磷、钾合理配施;佛山、江门、广州3个试验点的理论施肥量N分别为15.0、23.0、12.5 kg/667 m^2;P2O5分别为11.0、11.0、8.0 kg/667 m^2;K2O分别为16.0、17.0、13.0 kg/667 m^2;氮、磷、钾肥施用量与试验地土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有关,也与该地区产量水平的高低有关;一元二次效应方程中,3个试验点均是N效应的显著度相对最高;二元二次效应方程中,NP和NK效应的显著度较高,PK效应的显著度较低,说明氮素用量对丝瓜产量的影响大于磷素和钾素;3个试验点的三元二次效应方程中有2个达到极显著水平,说明试验结果基本可信。     

土地权利、经济收入与农户农业生产行为激励—以四川什邡和新疆生产建设兵团的对比分析为例

在农户收入多元化背景下，以实地调研问卷为基础，对比分析四川和新疆农户将劳动力投入农业生产的差异，并运用多元回归模型进行实证分析。研究发现：随着市场经济的不断深化，农户家庭自身拥有了更大的经营自主权，随着农业经济收入在总收入中所占比重的不断下降，导致土地产出对于农户的重要性程度下降，进一步使得土地产权激励作用下降，是农业生产出现徘徊的根本原因。因此通过降低务农和外出务工的劳动力边际收入差，农户倾向于将更多的生产要素投入农业生产。     

Determination and Correlation Analysis on the Egg Quality of Egg-laying Ducks Reared in Cages and on Floor

The purpose of this test was to evaluate the egg quality from two breeds of ducks reared in cages and on floor.30 eggs were chosen from each type of eggs,which were from Jinding (green shell) and Shan Partridge ducks (white shell)at 40 weeks-old reared in cages and on floor for egg quality evaluation.The results showed that the egg weight of caged duck was extremely significantly larger than the floor duck (P<0.01) in the same breed,there were very significant positive correlations between the egg weight and eggshell weight,egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),but no significant difference among the egg yolk weights of different types of ducks (P>0.05).The shell strength of green egg was obviously higher than that of white shell eggs (P<0.05),and the shell strength of green egg from caged ducks was higher than that of the green egg ducks on floor.The correlation coefficients of the egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness,the specific gravity and eggshell strength were 0.503 (P<0.01) and 0.536 (P<0.01) respectively.Haugh units of four types of ducks all reached 72 or more.Although there was significant positive correlation between egg-white weight and egg yolk weight (P<0.01),significant negative correlation was existed between egg-white weight and egg yolk ratio (P<0.01).There were significant negative correlations between egg specific gravity and egg yolk weight (P<0.05) and egg yolk ratio (P<0.05).In conclusion,the mode of cage feeding and the breed with green shell were appropriate choices in laying-egg duck production for high egg quality.     

核心力量训练对普通高校非专业运动员预防运动损伤的研究*

为了了解核心力量训练对普通非专业运动员预防运动损伤的作用，采用独立样本T检验(Independent Samples T Test)对实验组和对照组的FMS功能性测试成绩进行统计分析，实验结果显示核心力量训练对普通高校非专业运动员的平衡、稳定、协调能力有良好的促进作用；为四肢的运动传递能量，促使躯体保持平衡，提高身体在不稳定的状态下平衡稳定能力，减少运动损伤的发生机率，是一项简单易操作的训练手段。     

国家植物博物馆旅游发展战略研究与初步构想

在研究博物馆旅游相关内涵的基础上,系统地阐述了博物馆和旅游的关系,认为博物馆旅游是未来的发展趋势。文中依托国家植物博物馆建设的基本情况,对国家植物博物馆发展旅游具备的政策机遇、游客基数、区位、行业地位、资源、特色等方面的优势及国内没有成熟的经验和成功的案例可借鉴、藏品艺术价值不高等劣势进行分析。提出建立合理的运维机制,处理好馆、库、园一体统筹的关系;按照国家5A级旅游景区标准,高起点、高规格建设;以人为本,强化深度体验;重视人才、科普和营销;与茨坝生物科技特色小镇融合发展,打造云南省“健康生活目的地”示范园区;整合资源,建立旅联体,打造科普文旅融合产业走廊等国家植物博物馆旅游发展的策略及建议。     

Effects of Dietary Lipids on the Growth Performance,Survival, and Digestive Enzymes of Juvenile Cuttlefish,Sepia lycidas

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipids on the growth performance, muscle composition, and enzyme activities of the stomach, intestines, and liver of Sepia lycidas juveniles. Fish oil and soybean lecithin were selected as lipid sources to formulate six experimental diets containing lipid levels of 3.68, 4.15, 6.62, 8.09, 9.56, and 11.03%. The feed efficiency first declined and then rose, with the lowest value obtained in individuals fed the 8.09% lipid content diet; the protein efficiency ratio significantly decreased with an increased lipid level. The highest crude protein content and lowest crude lipid content were simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet. The activities of pepsase, trypsin, and intestine lipase initially increased before decreasing. The highest activities of protease, trypsin, and lipase were obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid content diet, while the highest activity of amylase was obtained in individuals fed the 6.62% lipid content diet. Hepatic glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase initially increased and then held steady, with the highest activities simultaneously obtained in individuals fed the 9.56% lipid diet. Our results suggest that dietary lipids at a level of 9.56% could be the optimal lipid requirement for S. lycidas to grow and maintain normal metabolism.     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒逆转录套式PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV—Ⅰ）A66株的RNA聚合酶基因序列,设计合成了2对引物,建立了适合DHV-I快速检测的逆转录套式PCR方法（RT-nested-PCR）,采用该方法对DHV-Ⅰ A66弱毒株和R85952强毒株进行了检测。结果显示,均能扩增到304bp的条带,而正常鸭胚、健康鸭肝组织、鸭瘟病毒、鹅细小病毒、禽流感病毒（H9亚型）、新城疫病毒、传染性腔上囊病病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭疫里氏杆菌和鸭源多杀性巴氏杆菌的扩增结果均为阴性。该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是100Pg,第2次扩增的敏感性是1fg,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高10^6倍。表明,所建立的逆转录套式PCR方法可用于鸭病毒性肝炎（DVH）的临床诊断、病料检测和分子流行病学调查等。