Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance,serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens

A total of 540 2‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35‐day experiment and were randomly divided into five treatments: (i) NC (low energy); (ii) PC (high energy diet); (iii) P1 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases); (iv) P2 (NC + 0.05% emulsifier); and (v) P3 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases + 0.05% emulsifier). From days 0 to 21, body weight gain in PC and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.05) compared with NC treatment. The chicks fed PC, P1, P2 and P3 improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with the NC treatment throughout the whole experiment. Abdominal fat weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in PC, P2 and P3 treatments than in NC and P1 treatments. On day 35, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in NC and P2 treatments than in PC, P1 and P3 treatments. The concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were highest (P < 0.05) in PC than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that low energy density diet had lower growth performance, while the inclusion of emulsifier and carbohydrases in low energy diets can partially improve growth performance.     

Serum antibody responses to vaccinal antigens in lean and obese geriatric dogs

The immune responses in control dogs [1 to 4 years of age, body condition score (BCS): 4 to 5 out of 9] were compared to those of aging dogs (based on breed and body size) either categorized as lean (BCS: 4 to 5 out of 9) or obese (BCS: 8 to 9 out of 9). Of interest were the serum titers to the following common agents found in vaccines, canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine parvovirus (CPV), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), and Bordetella bronchiseptica. There were no statistical differences in the antibodies to CPIV, B. bronchispetica, and CRCoV, among the age/weight categories, nor among the age/weight categories and the time, in days, between the date of sample collection and the date of the last recorded vaccination for CPIV, B. bronchiseptica, CPV, and CDV. For CPV, the control dogs had significantly (P < 0.002) higher serum neutralization (SN) titers than the lean geriatric dogs and the obese geriatric dogs. For CDV SN titers, the only statistically significant (P = 0.01) difference was that the control dogs had higher SN titers than the lean geriatric dogs.     

桃在低温贮藏过程中品质变化研究

为比较不同类型桃在低温条件下的贮藏特性,以水蜜桃‘美香’和蟠桃‘银河’为试材,研究了低温贮藏过程中果皮颜色、果实硬度、可溶性糖和有机酸含量等的变化。结果表明:低温贮藏期间桃果皮颜色的变化在不同品种间表现有较大差异,‘银河’在贮藏过程中果皮颜色略微加深;2个品种果实硬度总体下降比较明显;不同品种果实可溶性糖含量的变化比较复杂,其中果实可溶性糖总量波动较小,蔗糖含量在贮藏后期明显下降;有机酸总量方面,‘美香’和‘银河’总体都呈现前期下降,至贮藏后期小幅上升的变化趋势,其中柠檬酸的含量在贮藏后期出现明显下降。     

番茄新品种"东农725"选育

"东农725"是以‘05HN13’为母本,以‘05HN11’为父本配制的一代杂种,早熟性好,果实整齐度好,硬度大,耐贮运,货架期长;抗病性强,高抗ToMV、叶霉病、枯萎病和黄萎病,果实黄色,长椭圆形,平均单果重80~90g,坐果率高,每穗果达6~10个,果实整齐度高,果肉厚,硬度大,商品性好。大棚栽培每667m2产量达10 000kg以上,适合黑龙江地区保护地栽培。     

有机培肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄及土壤化学性质的影响

针对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区土壤瘠薄、肥料利用率低等问题,以4年生"蛇龙珠"为研究对象,分别设计了常规施肥、施羊粪有机肥、施酵素菌有机肥、施酵素菌有机-无机复混肥、施电解锰渣复混肥5个处理,探讨有机培肥对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量、品质以及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,羊粪有机肥显著降低了土壤pH和全盐,同时提高了土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量,土壤培肥效果较好;酵素菌有机-无机复混肥比单施化肥或酵素菌肥更有利于提高酿酒葡萄的品质及产量;电解锰渣复混肥促进植株光合作用,增加干物质积累量。综合分析,酵素菌有机无机复混肥更适合贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的优质高效生产。     

菖蒲抗氧化系统保护酶对水体萘污染的响应

用人工配制不同浓度的含萘废水培养菖蒲,比较了其根部和叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果表明:随着萘浓度的提高,菖蒲根部SOD活性显著下降,而叶片SOD活性极显著上升;根部POD活性上升不明显,但叶片POD活性极显著下降;根部和叶片CAT活性极显著或显著下降。菖蒲不同部位的不同抗氧化保护酶对萘污染的反应各不相同,叶片的反应要比根部更显著。     

中微量元素在贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄上的应用效果

针对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄风沙土产区中微量营养元素相对缺乏,空间变异较大等限制产业高效发展的关键问题,以4年生"蛇龙珠"葡萄为试材,通过设置滴灌施肥试验,研究了中微量营养元素钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)元素对酿酒葡萄生长及品质的影响。结果表明:增施中量元素Mg能有效提高葡萄叶片和叶柄中的全磷含量进而提高葡萄单粒重及产量,同时能提高果实单宁及总酚含量;增施微量元素Fe有利于促进叶片的生长发育,提高叶片净光合速率并促进干物量积累,增加可溶性糖含量;增施B元素则能有效提高叶片和叶柄的全钾及果实中花色苷含量。综合分析,增施Fe、Ca元素能促进葡萄的生长,增施B、Mg元素能提高酿酒葡萄果实品质,增施Ca、Mg元素能更好的提高酿酒葡萄产量。     

太阳能杀虫灯对蔬菜害虫的诱杀效果

以海南永发昱隆牌太阳能杀虫灯为试材,采用灯控区与非灯控区的比较方法,研究了太阳能杀虫灯对蔬菜害虫的诱杀效果,调查了其诱杀害虫的种类和数量。结果表明:昱隆牌太阳能杀虫灯具有诱杀害虫种类多、诱杀虫量大、对天敌益虫伤害小等优点。同时,气象因素会影响其日诱虫量,日诱虫量与温度、相对湿度、风速、雨水、云量和月光相关。在不同蔬菜生产中使用太阳能杀虫灯可减少化学农药使用量16.0%~47.0%,减少劳动力用工量14.1%~32.0%,节约防治成本,降低蔬菜中农药重金属残留量。具有较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。可在蔬菜生产基地中大面积推广应用。     

氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长及产量品质的影响

以贺兰山东麓3年生酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"为试材,通过小区试验设置6个氮肥施用量梯度,即纯氮施用量0、120、240、360、480、600kg·hm~(-2),研究了氮肥施用量对酿酒葡萄初果期生长以及产量品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥能显著促进株高、新梢、副梢发生数的增加,纯氮施用量480kg·hm-2时酿酒葡萄叶片SPAD值为43.11,并且水分有效利用率达到最高,为3.14μmol·mmol~(-1)。肥效方程得出最高产量纯氮施用量为398.75kg·hm~(-2),纯氮施用量超过480kg·hm-2后产量增幅和葡萄果实糖酸比同比下降。纯氮施用量360kg·hm~(-2)能显著提高可溶性糖、总酚、花色苷含量,改善品质。     

基于穿刺测试的萝卜耐裂根性研究

为了准确客观地评价萝卜的裂根性,为耐裂根萝卜品种的筛选提供理论依据,采用TA.XT Plus型物性测试仪进行穿刺试验,对耐裂根品种韩玉1号和易裂根品种雪单1号肉质根的上、中、下部位分别进行相关测定。试验结果显示,不同部位的屈服力、屈服能、脆性、根皮及根肉平均硬度的差异并不一致;而耐裂根品种的屈服力、屈服能、脆性与易裂根品种的差异显著,说明屈服力、屈服能、脆性指标可以作为萝卜耐裂根性的主要指标,且均应选取萝卜肉质根中部进行穿刺测试。