不同施钾时间对生态烟产质量的影响

为了探讨不同钾肥施用时间对有机生态烟产质量的影响效果,通过田间对比试验,研究了不施钾肥(K0)、栽后30 d施钾(K1)、栽后45 d施钾(K2)对生态烟产质量的影响。结果表明,追施硫酸钾,能显著提高生态烟产质量及钾含量,有利于烟叶叶片开片及评吸质量的改善;就施钾时间而言,栽后30 d追施钾肥对烟叶开片效果最好、产量及产值最高、常规化学成分最协调、评吸效果最佳。综合分析可得,在黔西南兴义烟区,栽后30 d内每公顷施用不少于240 kg硫酸钾,能有效提高生态烟产质量。     

基于数码图像识别的棉花氮营养诊断研究

研究田间试验条件下不同施肥处理棉花不同叶位图像色彩参数（G、NRI、NGI、NBI、G/R和G/B）与硝态氮含量、叶绿素测量值(SPAD)、叶绿素含量等营养指标间的相关性,确立棉花氮素营养诊断的最佳色彩参数和曲线方程,以期为新型数码图像技术在棉花氮素营养诊断的应用研究提供理论基础。于2012—2013年在安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所安庆试验基地进行不同施肥处理的田间试验,供试品种为‘湘杂棉8号’F1。设置8个施肥处理。分别在棉花蕾期、花铃期用Nikon D80数码相机获取棉花不同叶位图像并取样分析,研究数码相机进行棉花氮素营养诊断的最佳色彩参数,确定棉花氮素营养诊断的曲线方程。结果表明：（1）倒3叶硝态氮含量与红光标准化值NRI的相关性最好,R2=0.8754。功能叶倒4叶次之,R2=0.8013。（2）除倒1叶外,各叶位的SPAD值与数字化指标之间均有着良好的相关性。倒2叶与绿光标准化值NGI的相关性最好,相关系数为0.9591。（3）对于叶绿素含量,倒1叶与蓝光值B值相关性最好,为曲线正相关,R2=0.9444。其次为倒3叶、倒4叶,相关系数分别为0.9294、0.931。因此,在进行棉花不同叶位氮素营养诊断时,应选择上部叶位倒1叶、倒2叶、倒3叶、倒4叶,并选择色彩参数B值、蓝光标准化值NBI、NRI进行相关性分析与诊断。     

基于轮廓不同的DEM对宁波市姚江流域平原河网的提取研究

[目的]针对目前基于DEM提取平原河网所遇到的困境,采用新的视角提取平原河网,为完善水系自动化提取方法研究提供依据。[方法]采用Acr Hydro Tools和SWAT工具在轮廓不同的DEM下,对宁波姚江流域进行河网提取和流域确定。再以提取后的流域总面积与河流总长度为定量分析的主要指标,用相对误差公式、河网套合差公式和Visual Similarity Duplicate Image Finder软件进行综合评价与误差分析。[结果]在真实河网辅助下,Acr Hydro Tools与SWAT均是在规整型DEM基础上的提取效果很差。在临近型DEM上所提取的河网、流域和流域总出口与实际相符且精度、相似度都很高。[结论]用Acr Hydro Tools和SWAT两种工具提取流域水系都是可取的,但SWAT更加便捷;不同轮廓的DEM以及其是否与流域总出口相切会极大地影响河网提取的质量。     

作业次序对深松旋耕联合作业机作业质量及功耗的影响

该文选用华北平原壤土区常用的深松旋耕联合作业机作为试验设备,分析深松、旋耕作业次序对其作业质量及功耗的影响。运用离散元仿真分析结果表明,旋耕深松作业次序比深松旋耕作业次序的工作紧凑、刀辊受力均匀。随着作业深度的增加,深松旋耕作业次序作用的深层土壤较多。建立以旋耕深度、深松深度为因素,以2种作业次序功耗为指标的回归方程综合分析得出,作业深度较浅时,深松旋耕作业次序功耗、地表平整度、植被覆盖率优于旋耕深松作业次序;作业深度较大时,旋耕深松作业次序功耗明显小于深松旋耕作业次序,且两者作业质量差异不显著。田间试验表明,离散元仿真建立的2种作业次序作业深度与作业功耗的回归方程及测量的地表平整度、土壤膨松度及植被埋覆率基本能真实反映田间作业情况。     

基于EDEM的双螺旋奶牛饲喂装置给料性能分析与试验

奶牛精确饲喂技术的实施不仅能够促进奶牛业健康发展,而且还能够提高牛场经济效益。基于牛场现状,该文在设计的等径双螺旋精确给料的奶牛饲喂装置基础上,理论分析了物料输送速度与给料时间,通过Solidworks对双螺旋给料装置进行了三维建模,并利用EDEM软件分别对40 mm搅龙和70 mm搅龙不同转速(80、100及120 r/min)的给料过程进行了离散元仿真,分析了装置给料稳定性,结果表明,40 mm搅龙在转速为120 r/min时变异系数为0.052 2,70 mm搅龙在转速为100 r/min时变异系数为0.105 2,给料稳定性最优。为进一步验证仿真结果,在搭建的双螺旋给料饲喂装置上,对40 mm搅龙和70 mm搅龙进行了给料试验,试验结果显示,40 mm螺距搅龙转速120 r/min和70 mm搅龙转速100 r/min时给料稳定性最优,试验结果与仿真结果吻合。在验证装置给料稳定性基础上,对给料精度进行了试验,结果显示:40 mm搅龙和70 mm搅龙在80、100、120 r/min等不同工作转速组合下,给料精度均大于95%,当40 mm搅龙转速为120 r/min,70 mm搅龙转速为100 r/min时,给料时间为14.1 s,给料量为6.009 kg,装置给料精度不低于99.835%,符合奶牛精确饲喂效率与精度要求。     

A study of the effectiveness of post-treatment after hair straightening process

In order to minimise the hair damage due to hair straightening process, post-treatment is recommended to protect the damaged hair from further depreciation and breakage. However, few reported quantitatively about the effectiveness of post-treatment after hair straightening process. Therefore, the aim of this paper will investigate the effectiveness of post-treatment methods for chemically straightened hairs. The effectiveness will be evaluated through different analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry, tensile strength test and urea bisulphite solubility test for the properties related to morphological structure, hair colour change, tensile strength as well as chemical damage respectively. From the findings of the instrumental results, it was obvious that the application of post-treatments would improve the lustre of the damaged hair by giving higher value in lightness when compared with the raw hair control sample. Furthermore, the strength property of the post-treated hair increased when compared with the chemically straightened hair. This was due to the fact that the film-forming agents of conditioning products formed a protective layer and smooth surface on the fibre surface.     

A mixture neural methodology for computing rice consumptive water requirements in Fada N’Gourma Region, Eastern Burkina Faso

Crop consumptive water requirement (Crop-ET) is a key variable for developing management plans to optimize the efficiency of water use for crop production particularly in semiarid zone. In Burkina Faso, the unfavorable climatic conditions characterized by the low and unevenly distribution of rainfall have pushed water resources management to the forefront of the crop production issue. Crop-ET is extremely required in rainwater effective management for mitigating the impact of water deficit on the crops. Basically, Crop-ET determination involves reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficient (Kc) which required complete climatic data and specific site crop information, respectively. ETo estimation with the recommended FAO56 Penman–Monteith (PM) equation is limited in Burkina Faso due to the numerous meteorological data required which are not always available in many production sites. In such circumstances, research to compute directly Crop-ET as an alternative to the two-step approach of calculating ETo and determining site specific Kc, seems desirable. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of a mixture principal component analysis neural network (PCANN) model for computing rice Crop-ET directly from temperatures data in Fada N’Gourma region located in Eastern Burkina Faso, Africa. From the statistical results, rice Crop-ET can be successfully computed by using PCANN methodology, when only temperatures data are available in this African semiarid environment. Thus, in poor data situation, Crop-ET direct computation can be rapidly addressed through PCANN model for agricultural water management in African semiarid regions.     

棕壤中长期低剂量铜胁迫对苹果幼树的毒性效应

通过600d的土培试验,研究了棕壤中土壤环境质量二级标准附近的低剂量Cu长期胁迫对苹果幼树(藤木一号/八棱海棠)生长的毒害效应,并利用PAGE同工酶电泳研究了植株的保护性反应。结果表明,苹果树通过增强4条过氧化物酶(peroxidases,POD)同工酶的表达,弥补了6条POD同工酶活性的降低,使POD总活性显著增强(P0.05),叶片细胞膜透性未出现显著变化(P0.05),在一定程度上保护了机体免于长期胁迫致死;但是长期低剂量铜胁迫(160～320mg·kg-1)仍导致苹果树生长迟缓,春梢快速生长期推迟17～37d,土壤施加铜160和240mg·kg-1的苹果树生物量比对照分别降低25.87%和29.84%(P0.01),而且胁迫600d后所有铜处理植株根系均伴有感染真菌病害(白纹羽病)的间接毒害效应。表明长期的、即使是低剂量的铜胁迫仍会对苹果树生长造成显著的毒害效应,土壤铜含量在土壤环境质量标准(果园二级标准为150～200mg·kg-1)附近的果园重金属铜污染问题仍需引起进一步重视。     

15%多效唑可湿性粉剂对高含油油菜秦优19生长发育的影响

研究15%多效唑可湿性粉剂对高含油油菜秦优19生长发育的影响,结果表明:苗期使用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂可促使秧苗根系增多,降低苗高,防止高脚苗;越冬期使用15%多效唑可湿性粉剂可促进壮苗,使根颈增粗,提高抗冻性能;蕾薹期使用多效唑可降低分枝节位,增加角果数,提高粒重,增加产量。