超微粉碎对桑叶粉理化性质的影响

为拓展超微粉碎技术在食品添加剂和药品开发中应用,以桑叶为原料,分别对桑叶粗粉进行干法超微粉碎2 、4、6、8 h,得到4种不同粒径大小的桑叶超微粉,并对桑叶粗粉与4种超微粉的理化性质进行比较。研究结果表明,超微粉碎能明显减小桑叶粗粉的颗粒粒径（P＜0.05）,随着超微粉碎时间的增加,超微粉的粒径减小,粉体的粒径分布范围变窄,比表面积和体积密度显著增加（P＜0.05）,休止角、滑角和膨胀性显著降低（P＜0.05）,水溶性/持水力、持油力、蛋白质的水溶性和多糖的水溶解性均有不同程度的增加,但多酚含量变化不显著（P＞0.05）。扫描电镜结果显示,粗粉经超微粉碎后,其颗粒呈零散的分布形态。说明超微粉碎可改善桑叶粉的部分理化性质,可将这些性质应用于食品添加剂和常规食品开发与加工中。所得研究结果将为超微粉碎技术在桑叶食品中工业化应用提供数据支持和理论依据。     

约束非线性混合离散变量优化设计的一个方法

本文对机械设计中离散变量优化问题进行了讨论,提出了一个用于全离散变量或混合离散变量优化设计的方法——模式与随机搜索法。文中阐述了算法的原理,给出了迭代公式与框图。考核结果表明,本算法比通常的优化方法具有更好的可靠性与有效性,所得到的离散最优解更合理,并且计算时间与迭代次数明显减少。     

果奶稳定性和芒果豆奶生产技术研究

对提高果奶稳定性的方法研究表明，果奶必须含有０．４％－１．２％的油酯，ＰＨ值为３．７－４．０，温度为５０－８０℃，单宁含量低于０．３％，均质压力为１８－２５ＭＰａ，在加酸成果汁前后各均质一次，对果奶的稳定效果好。乳化剂和络合剂须与奶粉同时溶解，并经胶体磨充分乳化后再加入稳定剂。当均质后的料液温度低于４０℃时，剧烈搅拌并缓缓加入稀释的果汁或酸，在６５－７０℃杀菌３０ｍｉｎ。按上述工艺生产的果奶和芒果     

Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes

Conjugated polymers and indium arsenide-based nanocrystals were used to create near-infrared plastic light-emitting diodes. Emission was tunable from 1 to 1.3 micrometers--a range that effectively covers the short-wavelength telecommunications band--by means of the quantum confinement effects in the nanocrystals. The external efficiency value (photons out divided by electrons in) is approximately 0.5% (that is, >1% internal) and is mainly limited by device architecture. The near-infrared emission did not overlap the charge-induced absorption bands of the polymer.     

A common onc gene sequence transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 and by murine sarcoma virus 3611

A common cellular sequence was independently transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 (v-mht) and murine sarcoma virus (MSV) 3611 (v-raf). Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of v-mht and v-raf revealed a region of homology that extends over 969 nucleotides. The homology between the corresponding amino acids was about 95 percent with only 19 of 323 amino acids being different. With this example, 5 of the 19 known different viral onc genes have been observed in viruses of different taxonomic groups. These data indicate that (i) the number of cellular proto-onc genes is limited because, like other viruses of different taxonomic groups, MH2 and MSV 3611 have transduced the same onc gene-specific sequences from different cell species and (ii) that specific deletion and linkage of the same proto-onc sequences to different viral vector elements affect the oncogenic potential of the resulting viruses. The difference in transformation capabilities of MH2 and MSV 3611 serves as an example.     

Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera

The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.     

Ultrafast flash thermal conductance of molecular chains

At the level of individual molecules, familiar concepts of heat transport no longer apply. When large amounts of heat are transported through a molecule, a crucial process in molecular electronic devices, energy is carried by discrete molecular vibrational excitations. We studied heat transport through self-assembled monolayers of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules anchored to a gold substrate by ultrafast heating of the gold with a femtosecond laser pulse. When the heat reached the methyl groups at the chain ends, a nonlinear coherent vibrational spectroscopy technique detected the resulting thermally induced disorder. The flow of heat into the chains was limited by the interface conductance. The leading edge of the heat burst traveled ballistically along the chains at a velocity of 1 kilometer per second. The molecular conductance per chain was 50 picowatts per kelvin.     

试论经济转型时期国企职工的“主人翁”地位及其实现

分析了经济转型时期国企职工的主人翁地位失落的原因，提出了国有企业保障企业职工主人翁地位的措施：充分保证和利用职代会来实现企业的民主管理，很好地利用工会这一企业职工的群众性组织。     

化归方法的教学策略

化归方法是数学解题中的一个重要方法。本文从思维方法的角度论述了化归方法的基本含义,探讨化归方法在数学解题中的应用。