盐分胁迫对海陆杂交棉及亲本生长发育的影响

以海陆杂交棉及其亲本为材料，采用完全随机区组设计研究了盐分胁迫对海陆杂交棉生长发育及生理特性的影响。结果表明，盐分胁迫下海陆杂交棉及其亲本生长及干物质积累都存在不同程度的下降趋势，但杂交棉表现出较强的抗盐性。盐分胁迫下杂交棉根／冠比显著提高及其渗透明显高于双亲是其表现出抗盐性的主要原因。中度盐分胁迫（５ｍｓ·ｃｍ－１）能促进海陆杂交棉及陆地棉的生殖生长，特别是对杂交棉。此特性在盐地棉花生产上可加以利用。     

无机酸处理对褐煤腐殖酸含量及特性的影响

研究了不同浓度的各种无机酸对褐煤中腐殖酸含量、CEC及其光学性质变化规律的影响。试验结果表明:H_3PO_4和HCl处理能在一定程度上提高阳离子交换能力,但对腐殖酸含量及光学性质基本无影响。一定强度的HNO_3能使腐殖酸含量增加25％以上,阳离子交换能力有了很大程度提高,且随硝酸强度的变化过程要明显滞后于腐殖酸含量的变化过程,光学性质发生了很大变化。不同褐煤达到最佳处理效果的条件也不尽相同。     

闽南地区荔枝花期干湿序列的概率特征

利用漳州1954—1985共32年的4月1日至5月10目的降水资料,分别采用传染分布和泊松分布分两个时段计算该地区荔枝花期干、湿日持续日数和日雨量≥25mm的大～暴雨的频数。结果表明,理论频数的分布趋势与实际情况基本吻合,在r≤3下,4月21～5月10日时段的湿日频数小于4月1～20日时段的,说明荔枝开花太早遇连续湿日危害的机会较大。4月1～30日出现1次大～暴雨的概率最大,出现5次以上的概率极小。     

甘蔗综合栽培技术群体中叶面积、光照度和产量的研究

采用正交试验设计，在２水平上对甘蔗综合栽培技术措施中５个因素的组合群体的叶面积指数（ＬＡＩ）、冠层相对光照度（ＲＩ）和蔗茎产量（Ｙ）进行研究。结果表明，处理组合间ＬＡＩ、ＲＩ和Ｙ都存在显著差异；ＬＡＩ主要受盖膜、品种新台糖１０和一次施肥的影响；ＲＩ主要受盖膜影响；Ｙ主要受益膜和品种新台糖１０影响；最优因素水平处理组合为Ｍ１Ｔ１Ａ０Ｖ２Ｂ０；另外，根据ＬＡＩ、ＲＩ和Ｙ的相关分析，Ｙ的增加主要是由于群体叶面积较大，从而有较大的光合面积，截获较多的太阳辐射能所致。     

基于改进YOLOv5s的轻量化金银花识别方法

为提高金银花采摘机器人的工作效率和采摘精度,实现将模型方便快速部署到移动端,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s的轻量化金银花识别方法。用EfficientNet的主干网络替换YOLOv5s的Backbone层,并在改进之后的Backbone层加入原YOLOv5s的SPPF特征融合模块,减少了模型的参数量和计算量,同时降低模型权重的大小,便于之后移动端的部署;其次,为提高模型对于金银花的识别效果,该研究在Neck层中用CARAFE上采样模块替换原始模型中的上采样模块,在略微提高参数量的前提下提高了模型识别金银花的精确度和平均精度,提高了采摘效率。试验结果显示,改进后的轻量化模型参数量仅为3.89 × 10⁶ M,为原始YOLOv5s模型的55.5%;计算量仅为7.8 GFLOPs,为原始模型的49.4%;权重仅为7.8 MB,为原始模型的57.4%,并且精确度和平均精度达到了90.7%和91.8%,相比原始YOLOv5s模型分别提高1.9和0.6个百分点。改进后的轻量化模型与当前主流的Faster-RCNN、SSD、YOLO系列目标检测模型相比,不但提高了检测精度,还大幅减少了模型的参数量、计算量和权重大小,研究结果为后续金银花采摘机器人的识别和移动端的部署提供了参考和依据。     

基于改进YOLOv5s模型的茶叶嫩芽识别方法

现有的目标检测算法检测茶叶嫩芽的精度较低,为提高茶叶嫩芽的检测精度,该研究提出一种基于改进YOLOv5s网络模型的茶叶嫩芽检测算法。该算法将骨干特征提取网络中的空间金字塔池化结构（spatial pyramid pooling-fast,SPPF）替换为空洞空间卷积池化金字塔结构（atrous spatial pyramid pooling,ASPP）,增强模型对不同分辨率下目标的识别能力;针对茶叶嫩芽的小目标特征,在颈部网络中引入可加权重的双向特征金字塔网络（bidirectional feature pyramid network,BiFPN）,提高特征融合的效率,同时在颈部网络中的每个集中综合卷积模块（concentrated-comprehensive convolution block,C3）后添加卷积注意力模块（convolutional block attention module,CBAM）来提高模型关注小目标特征的能力。试验结果表明,改进后获得的Tea-YOLOv5s比原模型的准确率（precision,P）、召回率（recall,R）和平均精度值（mean average precision,mAP）分别高出4.4、0.5和4个百分点,且模型鲁棒性强,在多个场景下茶叶嫩芽的检测中具有更高的置信度分数。改进后的模型可为茶叶的产量估计和茶叶采摘机器人的嫩芽识别奠定基础。     

Ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation by nutrient‐stressed tomato plants

Environmentally stressed plants frequently have elevated rates of ethylene evolution and high accumulation of free ammonium by their foliage. The objective of this study was to investigate ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation by nutrient‐deficient and ammonium‐stressed tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Heinz 1350’ and neglecta‐1) grown in a greenhouse. In soil culture, ‘Heinz 1350’ was more sensitive to ammonium toxicity and had higher ethylene evolution than neglecta‐1. High ethylene evolution corresponded with appearance of ammonium toxicity symptoms in both lines. In sand culture, ‘Heinz 1350’ and neglecta‐1 grown with K, Ca, or Mg deficiency in NO₃ ^‐‐based nutrient solutions had higher ammonium accumulation and higher ethylene evolution than plants grown with complete nutrition. P‐deficient plants had elevated ammonium accumulation but low ethylene evolution. Plants grown on NH₄ ⁺‐based nutrition with pH buffering by CaCO₃ had lower ethylene evolution and lower ammonium accumulation than plants grown in unbuffered solutions but had higher values than plants grown with NO₃ ^‐‐based nutrition. Adequate K nutrition suppressed ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation for all plants regardless of nitrogen regimes. Ammonium accumulation and ethylene biosynthesis in plants appear to be related processes. They appear to be indicators of stress and may have roles in development of symptoms of nutritional stresses.     

Ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation by tomato plants under water and salinity stresses. Part II

Foliar wilting, epinasty, abscission, chlorosis, and necrosis are common symptoms in plants affected by water and salinity stresses. Ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation frequently accompany the expression of the symptoms of stresses from various origins. These symptoms and physiological phenomena have been associated with other environmental stresses, such as ammonium toxicity. Intact and excised tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Heinz 1350’ and neglecta‐1) were subjected to stresses of waterlogging, water‐deficit, or saline conditions (NaCl or CaCl₂). In soil culture in the greenhouse, tomato plants subjected to waterlogging developed epinasty and chlorosis and had increased ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation. The application of aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) ameliorated the symptoms and reduced ethylene evolution and ammonium accumulation. Tomato subjected to drought developed chlorosis and had enhanced ammonium accumulation, but no increased ethylene evolution was observed. The chlorotic and necrotic symptoms were observed for plants receiving NaCl or CaCl₂. Application of ammonium nutrition or water stress aggravated the development of toxic symptoms. Ammonium accumulation and ethylene evolution were enhanced with intact plants or excised seedlings under these stresses. Application of AOA through stems of excised seedlings suppressed the enhancement. ‘Heinz 1350’ receiving CaCl₂ accumulated more Ca⁺⁺ and had higher ethylene evolution than those receiving NaCl or the neglecta‐1 receiving CaCl₂. Neglecta‐1 accumulated more Na⁺ with the NaCl treatment and had higher ethylene evolution than ‘Heinz 1350’. The results indicate that environmental stresses stimulate ammonium accumulation and initiate ethylene evolution, which may function in development of stress induced symptoms.     

抗氟吡菌胺辣椒疫霉菌株的诱导及其生物学特性的研究

 采用菌丝生长速率法, 测定了采自泰安、平谷、杭州和昆明4个地区的42株辣椒疫霉病菌对氟吡菌胺的敏感性, 结果表明, 其EC₅₀值在0.618 ~0.927 μg·mL^-1之间, 平均EC₅₀ =(0.743±0.067 7) μg·mL^-1。 42个菌株对氟吡菌胺的敏感性分布呈单峰曲线, 未出现抗性的病原菌亚群体, 可将其单峰曲线作为辣椒疫霉对氟吡菌胺的敏感性基线。采用药剂驯化和紫外照射对辣椒疫霉敏感菌株TA进行诱变处理, 获得了2株辣椒疫霉抗氟吡菌胺菌株;利用菌落直径法测定抗氟吡菌胺菌株的遗传稳定性、菌丝生长速率及对其它杀菌剂的交互抗性;通过活体叶盘法测定抗氟吡菌胺菌株和敏感菌株的致病力及产孢子囊能力, 分析抗性和敏感菌株之间生物学特性差异。结果表明, 敏感菌株TA经过氟吡菌胺 48代连续汰选, 其抗性达58.0倍, 获得中抗菌株TA-R;紫外照射获得了抗性达260.6倍的高抗菌株TA-UV, 且其抗性均能稳定遗传;TA-R和TA-UV对甲霜灵、霜脲氰表现出正交互抗性, 对烯酰吗啉、百菌清、代森锰锌和丙森锌无交互抗性;抗氟吡菌胺菌株TA-R、TA-UV与敏感菌株在活体叶盘上的致病力、离体产孢能力均差异不显著(P＜0.05), 但其菌丝生长速率、菌丝干重均低于敏感菌株。     

健脾解毒方联合化疗治疗大肠癌术后患者的临床观察

目的 观察健脾解毒方联合化疗治疗II-III期大肠癌术后患者的临床疗效及其对免疫功能的影响。方法 将40例大肠癌患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组、对照组各20例。两组患者化疗均采用FOLFOX4化疗方案,治疗组加服健脾解毒方汤剂（每日1剂,连服8周）,化疗每2周重复1次,1次为1个周期,连用4个周期后观察两组临床疗效及其免疫功能的变化。结果 治疗结束后治疗组中医证候改善的总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者的中医证候总积分均较治疗前有所改善,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;治疗后治疗组在KPS评分疗效及体质量增加方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在免疫学指标CD³⁺、CD⁴⁺、CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺值改善方面优于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 健脾解毒方能提高大肠癌化疗患者的临床疗效,改善生活质量,并增强机体免疫力。