内蒙古阿拉善左旗4年采用机械模拟飞播牧草效益调查

阿拉善左旗４年机械模拟飞播牧草累计面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,实播面积为２９８０ｈｍ＾２,１９９７年１０月调查,保存面积为２９７０ｈｍ＾２,保存面积率为９９．７％,４年来播区植被盖度提高８．９６倍,有苗面积率提高３１．５３倍,牧草产量提高３５．９１倍,第一性生产产值和第二性生产产值分别是飞播总投资的０．６７倍和０．９７倍,机械模拟飞播牧草表现出明显的经济效益、生产效益和社会效益。     

氯霉素对肉鸡免疫功能的影响

按饲料的0.06％、0.1％、0.15％的比例添加氯霉素、饲喂2～60日龄的肉鸡,虽然对鸡白痢、禽伤寒等疾病有明显的抑制作用,减少死亡率。但对体液、细胞免疫功能、免疫器官、骨髓和红、白血球生成等呈现明显的抑制和损害,本试验初步表明,长期内服氯霉素可引起鸡的慢性应激反应。在正常的饲养条件下,氯霉素对肉鸡的生长增重既没有促进作用,也无明显的抑制现象。根据血液氯霉素浓度的测定表明,防治鸡疾病,饲料添加0.06％的氯霉素是有效的、毒性相对较小的剂量,但也不应长期服用。     

园艺专业发展问题探讨—— 塔里木大学园艺专业为例

阐述了偏远地区园艺专业的建设现状,对其教学管理、地方高校园艺人才培养的目的和方法、教师队伍建设、现代信息技术的运用、核心教学课程和基础实验室的建设进行了分析,针对存在的问题对后期园艺专业的发展提出了有效应对措施,以期为南疆地区园艺专业的发展和未来规划有一定的参考价值.     

防止砖砌体结构房屋墙面开裂构造措施

阐述砖墙结构在设计和施工中采取的技术措施,从而在实际工作中避免或减小墙体裂缝。     

Effect of different ions on larval metamorphosis of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Metamorphic responses of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to different ions were investigated through a series of bioassays. Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) on inductive effects of these above ions were also investigated. Excess ions including Li⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺ and Ca²⁺ induced larval metamorphosis at 10^?3 M to 5 × 10^?2 M in 24‐h exposure assays. In continuous exposure assays, only excess Ca²⁺ showed inductive activity and induced 25% metamorphosis at 5 × 10^?2 M. Larval responses to Li⁺ and Rb⁺were inhibited by TEA, while induction of metamorphosis by Cs⁺and Ca²⁺ was independent of the presence of TEA. Thus, these ions used can be useful inducers of larval metamorphosis for application in the aquaculture industry. The finding provides new insights on the biochemical mechanism controlling larval metamorphosis in this species.     

Excess dietary cholesterol may have an adverse effect on growth performance of early post-larval Litopenaeus vannamei

One experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of cholesterol for post-larval shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with four levels of cholesterol (D1, D2, D3 and D4 with 0, 0.5%, 1% and 2% cholesterol, respectively) were fed to triplicate groups of L. vannamei shrimp (mean initial wet weight 0.8 mg) for 27 days. After the trial, shrimp fed the D1 diet had the best growth performance (final body weights: FBW; weight gain: WG; specific growth rate: SGR), while there was no significant difference between diet treatments with respect to survival. The whole body crude protein level in the shrimp decreased with the increase in dietary cholesterol levels, while the whole body crude lipid level in shrimps in the D4 diet treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in other diet treatments. Dietary analysis indicated that the D1 diet contained 0.92% cholesterol prior to supplementation, which may have satisfied the dietary cholesterol requirement of post-larval L. vannamei; excess dietary cholesterol may thus lead to adverse effects on the growth performance of post-larval shrimp.     

PCR扩增TK基因检测鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒的研究

根据已发表序列设计一对包含鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（ILTV）TK基因全长核苷酸的1259bp引物，对2株ILTV强毒和1株ILTV疫苗毒进行PCR扩增，均能扩增出预期大小的目的片段，酶切分析证实了目的片段的特异性，而其它禽病原体的扩增均为阴性。PCR检测ILTV DNA的最小检测量为75pg。此方法检测人工接种鸡的气管棉拭样品，均能检测到ILTV，因此可用于临诊样品鸡传染性喉气管炎病的检测和诊断。     

水分胁迫下雌雄异株植物葎草繁殖策略的可塑性调节

研究雌雄异株草本植物应对环境胁迫的繁殖策略及生殖分配可塑性,对发展雌雄异株植物的生活史进化理论和该类植物资源保护利用具有重要意义。实验以葎草为材料,通过设置轻度(LS)、中度(MS)、重度(RS)水分胁迫梯度,研究雌、雄单株的花芽分化、生物量分配、花穗性状、花药(或子房)数、花粉数及活力等与生殖生长相关的可塑性。结果表明:1)葎草通过提前花芽分化应对水分胁迫,雄株先于雌株进入生殖生长(P＜0.01)。2)雄株增加生殖分配应对LS胁迫,雌株减少花穗生物量应对水分胁迫;在RS胁迫时雄株的生殖分配为雌株的近3倍。3)葎草通过减少花穗数应对胁迫,雄株显著增加单个花穗的小花数来应对轻中度缺水(P＜0.05),雌株则减少开花频次降低水分胁迫下生殖能量消耗。4)轻中度水分胁迫对雌株子房宽度无显著影响;中重度胁迫虽使雄株显著缩短了花药长度、减少了单个花药的花粉数(P＜0.05),但花粉大小、花粉活性受影响较小。5)雄株花穗的POD和SOD活性显著高于雌株,雄株对水分胁迫更加敏感。在水分胁迫下,葎草在生存和防御功能稳定的基础上,可以通过协调分配有限资源,实现有性繁殖来完成草本植物较为短暂的生活史。     

改进芳草A系原种产卵性的试验

本试验采取母蛾延迟交配，拆对后冷藏、改变交配时间和产卵室保护温度等技术措施来探讨改善芳草A系原种产卵性的方法。结果表明，这些措施对产卵性能的改进有一定的效应，但由于性状间存在相关关系，对某一性状的促进效应往往同时也对另一产卵性状产生负向影响。     

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。