大豆光合生理生态的研究——第15报 大豆不同品种光合性状和固氮能力的比较

对大豆20个品种的光合性状和固氮能力研究表明,大多数新品种或高产品种植株中上部叶片较老品种具有较多的栅栏细胞层数和细胞及叶绿体数目;较大的叶厚度和比叶重;在生殖生长期具有较高的光合速率。同时大多数新品种具有较高的根瘤固氮酶活性和较大的幼茎段酰脲含量。大豆叶片光合速率和根瘤固氮酶活性及幼茎和荚皮酰脲含量均呈显著正相关。新品种与老品种相比具有较高的光合和固氮能力。     

Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages

The oil accumulation in the developing soybean seed has been shown to be a dynamic process with different rates and activities at different phases affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL controlling oil filling rate in soybean seed. A total of 143 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used in this study to obtain 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). A total of 26 QTL with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified on 14 linkage groups. Among the QTL with significant a effects, 18 QTL showed positive effects and 6 QTL had negative effects on seed filling rate of oil content during seed development. A total of 29 epistatic pairwise QTL underlying seed filling rate were identified at different filling stages. About 28 pairs of the QTL showed additive × additive epistatic (aa) effects and 14 pairs of the QTL showed aa × environment interaction (aae) effects at different filling stages. QTL with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that oil filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic, developmental and environmental control.     

Important properties of bamboo pellets to be used as commercial solid fuel in China

Bamboo is a type of biomass material and has great potential as a bio-energy resource of the future in China. Some properties of bamboo pellets, length, diameter, moisture content (MC), particle density, bulk density, durability, fine content, ash, gross calorific value, combustion rate and heat release rate, were determined and the effects of MC and particle size (PS) on these properties were investigated in this research. The results showed that bamboo pellets will be the proposed new biomass solid fuel and have the potential to be developed as commercial pellets. All properties of bamboo pellets met the requirement of Pellet Fuels Institute Standard Specification for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuel. The gross calorific value of bamboo pellets also met the minimum requirement for making commercial pellets according to DIN 51731 (>17,500 J/g). The effects of MC on length, diameter, MC, particle density and bulk density were significant at p = 0.05. There were no significant differences between PS and all properties of bamboo pellets. Due to higher MC and larger PS, bamboo pellets exhibited higher combustion rates and heat release rates. This research represents an initial stage in the study of bamboo pellets, and its objectives provide guidelines for further research.     

影响PCR-SSCP的因素分析

ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ是一种基于ＰＣＲ的单链构象多态性（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｓｔｒａｎｄｅｄ ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｓｍ）分析技术,是ＤＮＡ已知突变的检测或未知变异分析中十分常用和实用的技术之一,本研究从非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的配制、样品的变性处理、电泳条件,显色方法和结果分析等方面对影响ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ实验室操作的因素进行了分析,并结合作者的经验给出了大小在１００～２００ｂｐ范围以内的     

黄刺玫插穗的外部条件及外源激素的应用研究

研究黄刺玫嫩枝和硬枝插穗的生根能力与插穗条件的关系,以及外源激素对生根能力的影响,结果表明,何留木质基部的嫩枝插穗和摘去花 硬枝插穗其生根能力显著高于对照。外源激素的处理提高了插穗的生根能力,激素的混合应用,其最佳组合浓度ＩＡＡ、６－ＢＡ、ＩＢＡ分别为１０８．１４mg/L、１５９．９２mg/L、１１３．０４mg/L。     

路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土路用性能试验

针对齐齐哈尔地区典型黏土,用美国路邦EN-1固化剂进行加固.首先,进行了固化剂加固土材料的最佳配合比的试验研究,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验确定固化剂稳定土的最佳石灰用量为5%.在此基础上对5%石灰固化剂稳定土和9%石灰稳定土进行室内干缩和温缩试验,得出其干缩系数和温缩系数的变化规律,结果表明5%石灰固化剂稳定土的干缩和温缩性能均优于9%石灰稳定土.经济分析表明,在该地区的县乡公路基层中采用路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土具有非常显著的经济效益.     

油菜田节肢动物群落结构及其模糊聚类分析

田间系统调查结果表明,油菜田全生育期节肢动物种类丰富,共记录52种,分属10目32科。同翅目昆虫的相对丰盛度最高,为0. 823,其次为双翅目昆虫,相对丰盛度为0.114。模糊聚类分析结果表明,不同时间油菜田节肢动物群落可分为4类,分别为群落建立阶段的动态类型,节肢动物大量迁入阶段的动态类型,蚜虫大发生阶段的动态类型和相对稳定阶段的动态类型。     

荆门市农业产业化龙头企业发展对策

农业产业化龙头企业的发展有利于调整农村产业结构,推动传统农业向现代农业转变。为进一步加快荆门市农业产业化龙头企业建设步伐,促进全地区农村经济发展,笔者以本地区农业和农村工作思路为指导,结合本地区农村实际,提出一系列发展壮大农业产业化龙头企业的政策措施,积极探索龙头企业发展新模式,以推动荆门市农村经济不断向前发展。     

马尾松林下套种阔叶树土壤理化性质的研究

马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是我国南方的主要用材树种，具有适应性强、主根明显、用途广、速生丰产等优点。然而营造的人工马尾松纯林，树种层次单一，结构简单，针叶化明显，弱点逐渐暴露出来，导致林地地力衰退、林分抗逆性差、火灾频率增加，已引起人们的广泛关注。研究表明，大力营造混交林，增加森林生态系统中生物类群的多样性、多层性，就能从根本上改善林分的生态环境，提高生产力。营造马尾松混交林不仅是一项重要的营林技术措施，而且涉及到对树种生物学和生态学特征，尤其是种间关系的全面了解。良好的混交模式应该既可以充分利用地力，增加产量，又可改善生态环境，提高系统的多样性和稳定性。马尾松属阳性树种，林冠稀疏，透光度大，深根发达。     

我国马铃薯帚顶病毒的分子检测

<正>马铃薯是我国第四大粮食作物,在生长过程中易受多种病毒侵染,其中马铃薯帚顶病毒(potato mop-top virus,PMTV)致病性强、危害严重,被我国列入进境植物检疫禁止进境物名录。该病毒于1966年在爱尔兰和北苏格兰被首次发现(CalvertHarriso,1966),随后扩散蔓延到世界诸多马铃薯主产区。感染该病毒的植株主要表现为帚顶,上部叶片出现褪绿V型环纹,基部叶片出现不规则黄色斑块、环纹和