烟草诱导抗病性及其应用

烟草诱导抗病性是通过诱导因子诱导烟草自身的抗病潜力,是烟草重要的抗病机制之一。概述了烟草诱导抗病性的诱导因子、机制及其应用,为烟草诱导抗病性的进一步研究提供理论基础。     

鸡miR-1749生物信息学分析及真核表达载体构建

为研究鸡miR-1749功能及其前体rs15860000(C>T)不同基因型对成熟miRNA生成的影响,采用Mfold软件预测C>T突变对miR-1749前体二级结构能值的影响;选用pcDNA3.1-EG-FP质粒,构建miR-1749前体不同等位基因的真核表达载体并转染DF1细胞,检测成熟miR-1749的表达;利用 TargetScan 和 miRDB 软件预测 miR -1749的靶基因,并将靶基因的并集在DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集和KEGG信号转导通路分析。 Mfold预测结果显示,miR-1749前体C>T突变影响其前体二级结构自由能值;成功构建pcDNA3.1-EGFP-pre-miR-1749-C和pcDNA3.1-EGFP-pre-miR-1749-T真核表达载体,转染DF1细胞后,不同基因型重组质粒miR-1749的表达量均显著高于空质粒组( P<0.01), T等位基因成熟miR-1749的表达量显著高于C等位基因(P<0.05)。2个软件预测结果显示,miR-1749靶基因的并集有250个基因,这些基因显著富集于Ras蛋白信号转导调控、GTPase介导信号转导调控、细胞稳态及胚后发育的生物学过程和GnRH、MAPK及细胞黏附分子的信号转导通路。     

On the potential of documenting decadal-scale avifaunal change from before-and-after comparisons of museum and observational data across North America

Studies of biodiversity dynamics have been cast on either long(systematics)or short(ecology)time scales,leaving a gap in coverage for moderate time scales of de...     

Effects of oligosaccharides on functional parameters of the intestinal tract of growing pigs.

Feeding experiments were carried out in growing pigs using topinambur powder or inactivated yeasts as prebiotic additives with an application period of at least 3 weeks. At the end of the experimental periods the animals were killed and segments of the intestinal tract were used for measuring transport physiological parameters and for mucin histochemistry. Jejunal epithelia were mounted in Ussing chambers for measuring electrical tissue parameters, paracellular permeability and short circuit current response to mucosal glucose. Both prebiotics had no effects on basal or forskolin stimulated short circuit currents. Total tissue conductances tended to be higher in response to both prebiotics. Topinambur increased mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of mannitol in the proximal and distal jejunum, which could only be demonstrated for the distal jejunum when inactivated yeasts were fed. Mucosal application of glucose induced higher current responses in jejunal tissues. From histochemistry it could be demonstrated that both prebiotics increased the number of ileal goblet cells and the thickness of the colonic mucosa.     

COLOR DOPPLER AND DOPPLER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THE SPINAL CORD OF NORMAL DOGS

Doppler ultrasonography of the spinal cord was performed in 34 normal, anesthetized dogs following hemilaminectomy. This study was part of an investigation to evaluate the efficacy of a 21-aminosteroid compound and high dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of spinal cord trauma. Grey-scale images of the canine spinal cord were similar to those described for the spinal cord of people. Doppler waveforms of intraparenchymal spinal arteries exhibited high end diastolic blood flow velocities, indicating low resistance to flow. Doppler values (mean ± SD) for arteries immediately ventrolateral to the central canal were: Peak Systolic Velocity = 5.78 ± 2.5 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Systolic/Diastolic ratio = 169 ± 0.19, Pulsatility Index = 0.53 ± 0.09, and Resistance Index = 0.4 ± 0.06.     

Endogenous N-losses in piglets estimated by a [15N]-isotope dilution technique: effect of xylanase addition to a wheat and rye based diet.

The nitrogen pool of piglets weighing 19.4 +/- 1.4 kg at the beginning of the experiment was labeled with an oral application of ([15N]H4)2SO4 (1.26 [15N]-atom percent excess of dietary N) over a period of 7 d. The labeling period was followed by an equilibration period of 7 d without feeding the labeling compound. The two experimental diets were based on wheat (53%) and rye (25%) and were fed either with or without a xylanase containing enzyme preparation over both experimental periods. Additionally, diets were supplemented with an indigestible marker during the 2nd period of the experiment to allow the calculation of endogenous N-losses in subsequent segments of the digestive tract of the pigs. These endogenous N-losses were estimated at the end of the experiment by analyzing feces, ingesta and urine for [15N]-enrichment assuming that [15N]-enrichment of urine represents the [15N]-enrichment of the precursor pool. Endogenous N-losses were not significantly affected by xylanase addition at any measurement site (stomach, 3 sections of the small intestine, total digestive tract). Endogenous N-proportions of total nitrogen amounted on average for the six pigs to 42 +/- 11% and 56 +/- 5% at the last section of the small intestine and over the whole digestive tract, respectively, which corresponded to endogenous N-losses of 2.8 +/- 1.3 g N/kg DM and 2.0 +/- 0.3 g N/kg DM, respectively.     

Economic analysis of vaccination applied to ovine listeriosis

An economic model for determining whether vaccination against a disease would be beneficial financially on individual farms is proposed; it is based on four pieces of information: the costs of a disease case including its treatment, the cost of vaccinating each animal including veterinary fees, the expected incidence of the disease, and the efficacy of the vaccine. The model was applied to ovine listeriosis, which is a serious disease problem in Norway. Vaccination appeared to be beneficial for the average sheep flock of 100 ewes which might expect two or more cases of listeriosis per year. Furthermore, the model suggests the ratio of the price of a single vaccination to the cost of a disease case can be used to plan more efficient vaccine field trials.