犬瘟热病毒Lederle株H,N全基因序列分析及表达研究

采用RT-PCR方法自犬瘟热病毒Lederle株基因组RNA中扩增出H基因(1 911 bp)和N基因(1 707 bp)片段,序列测定和分析表明与Onderstepoort株、CDV3株等疫苗毒株的同源性在95%以上,而与野外分离株的同源性介于90%～95%;以获得的H,N全基因片段为模板,分别扩增H基因近3′端996 bp的基因片段以及N基因中间高度保守区562 bp的基因片段,经克隆测序后分别插入原核表达载体pET-32a中进行表达,结果显示H片段和N片段分别表达大小约为57 kD和37 kD的融合蛋白,Western blotting检测结果显示,表达蛋白均可与CDV抗血清发生阳性反应,提示原核表达产物具有与CDV抗血清结合的免疫反应性。     

1995-2020年喀什市植被覆盖度时空动态变化研究

为了揭示和探讨喀什市植被覆盖度空间动态变化规律及驱动力因素.以Landsat系列卫星数据为数据源,基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)和像元二分模型,运用ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.3软件对喀什市植被覆盖度进行估算,研究1995-2020年植被覆盖度的时空变化格局.研究结果表明:①喀什市整体植被主要以高植被覆盖为主...     

Comparison of isothiocyanate metabolite levels and histone deacetylase activity in human subjects consuming broccoli sprouts or broccoli supplement

Increased consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli may reduce the risk of various cancers. Myrosinase is required to convert dietary glucosinolates from broccoli into bioactive isothiocyanates. We evaluated isothiocyanate excretion profiles in healthy subjects who consumed broccoli sprouts or broccoli supplement (no myrosinase) with equivalent glucosinolate content. Urinary metabolites of two major isothiocyanates, sulforaphane and erucin, were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Peak excretion of sulforaphane and erucin was higher and occurred sooner in subjects who consumed broccoli sprouts as compared to subjects who consumed the supplement. A subject-dependent shift in the ratio of urinary sulforaphane to erucin metabolites was observed in both groups, indicating conversion of sulforaphane to erucin. Lower histone deacetylase activity was observed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells only in subjects consuming sprouts. Fresh broccoli sprouts differ from broccoli supplements in regards to excretion of isothiocyanates and bioactivity in human subjects.     

Survey of polyphenol constituents in grapes and grape-derived products

A rapid and comprehensive qualitative method has been developed to characterize the different classes of polyphenols, such as anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids, and flavanols/proanthocyanidins, in grape products. The detection was achieved by two runs with the same LC gradient in different MS ionization modes and mobile phase modifiers (positive ionization mode and 0.4% trifluoroacetic acid for anthocyanins and flavonols; negative ionization mode and 0.1% formic acid for phenolic acids and flavanols). From an analysis of the MS and UV data and in comparison with the authenticated standards, a total of 53 compounds were identified, including 33 anthocyanins, 12 flavonols, 4 phenolic acids, and 4 flavanols/proanthocyanidins. With the method developed, a survey was then conducted to qualitatively assess the composition of polyphenols among 29 different grape products including original grape, grape juice, grape wine, and grape-derived dietary supplements, and their chemical profiles were systematically compared. This method provided a comprehensive qualitative insight into the composition of polyphenols in grape-derived products.     

Levels of perfluorinated compounds in food and dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA in the Netherlands

This study presents concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food and the dietary intake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in The Netherlands. The concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food were analyzed in pooled samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in several Dutch retail store chains with nation-wide coverage. The concentrations analyzed for PFOS and PFOA were used to assess the exposure to these compounds in The Netherlands. As concentrations in drinking water in The Netherlands were missing for these compounds, conservative default concentrations of 7 pg/g for PFOS and 9 pg/g for PFOA, as reported by European Food Safety Authority, were used in the exposure assessment. In food, 6 out of 14 analyzed perfluorinated compounds could be quantified in the majority of the food categories (perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and PFOS). The highest concentration of the sum of these six compounds was found in crustaceans (825 pg/g product, PFOS: 582 pg/g product) and in lean fish (481 pg/g product, PFOS: 308 pg/g product). Lower concentrations were found in beef, fatty fish, flour, butter, eggs, and cheese (concentrations between 20 and 100 pg/g product; PFOS, 29-82 pg/g product) and milk, pork, bakery products, chicken, vegetable, and industrial oils (concentration lower than 10 pg/g product; PFOS not detected). The median long-term intake for PFOS was 0.3 ng/kg bw/day and for PFOA 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding high level intakes (99th percentile) were 0.6 and 0.5 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. These intakes were well below the tolerable daily intake values of both compounds (PFOS, 150 ng/kg bw/day; PFOA, 1500 ng/kg bw/day). The intake calculations quantified the contribution of drinking water to the PFOS and PFOA intake in The Netherlands. Important contributors of PFOA intake were vegetables/fruit and flour. Milk, beef, and lean fish were important contributors of PFOS intake.     

Leaf photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal conductance in six Eucalyptus species native to mesic and xeric environments growing in a common garden

Trees adapted to mesic and xeric habits may differ in a suite of physiological responses that affect leaf-level carbon balance, including the relationship between photosynthesis (A) and respiration at night (R(n)). Understanding the factors that regulate physiological function in mesic and xeric species is critical for predicting changes in growth and distribution under changing climates. In this study, we examined the relationship between A and R(n), and leaf traits that may regulate A and R(n), in six Eucalyptus species native to mesic or xeric ecosystems, during two 24-h cycles in a common garden under high soil moisture. Peak A and R(n) generally were higher in xeric compared with mesic species. Across species, A and R(n) covaried, correlated with leaf mass per area, leaf N per unit area and daytime soluble sugar accumulation. A also covaried with g(s), which accounted for 93% of the variation in A within species. These results suggest that A and R(n) in these six Eucalyptus species were linked through leaf N and carbohydrates. Further, the relationship between A and R(n) across species suggests that differences in this relationship between mesic and xeric Eucalyptus species in their native habitats may be largely driven by environmental factors rather than inter-specific genetic variation.     

Impact of variable [CO2] and temperature on water transport structure-function relationships in Eucalyptus

Nearly 30 years ago, Whitehead and Jarvis and Whitehead et al. postulated an elegant mechanistic explanation for the observed relationship between tree hydraulic structure and function, hypothesizing that structural adjustments promote physiological homeostasis. To date, this framework has been nearly completely overlooked with regard to varying atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO(2)]). Here, we evaluated Whitehead's hypothesis of leaf water potential (Ψ(l)) homeostasis in faster-growing (Eucalyptus saligna) and slower-growing (Eucalyptus sideroxylon) tree saplings grown under three [CO(2)] (pre-industrial, current and future) and two temperature (ambient and ambient + 4°C) treatments. We tested for relationships between physiological (stomatal conductance and Ψ(l)) and structural (leaf and sapwood areas (A(l), A(s)), height (h), xylem conductivity (k(s))) plant variables as a function of the [CO(2)] and temperature treatments to assess whether structural variables adjusted to maintain physiological homeostasis. Structural components (A(l), A(s), h) generally increased with [CO(2)] or temperature, while g(s) was negatively correlated with [CO(2)]. Contrary to Whitehead's hypothesis, Ψ(l) did not exhibit homeostasis in either species; elevated temperatures were associated with more negative Ψ(l) in faster-growing E. saligna, and less negative Ψ(l) in slower-growing E. sideroxylon. Moreover, individual structural variables were generally uncorrelated with Ψ(l). However, across both species, the integrated hydraulic property of leaf specific hydraulic conductance (K(l)) was positively correlated with an independent calculation of K(l) determined exclusively from leaf physiological variables. These results suggest that physiological homeostasis may not apply to saplings exposed to global change drivers including [CO(2)] and temperature. Nevertheless, Whitehead et al.'s formulation identified K(l) as a sensitive measure of plant structural-physiological co-variation across species.     

应用PCR方法检测鸡传染性贫血病毒

根据鸡传染性贫血病毒(CIAV)基因组序列，设计一对引物扩增基因组上nt358～nt1042之间684bp DNA片段。在CIAV感染MDCC-MSBl细胞系中提取核酸为模板可扩增出相应DNA片段，且以感染细胞核酸为模板反应敏感性可达1fg，而以其他病原核酸为模板扩增结果均为阴性。应用该PCR方法对实验感染鸡肝脏、脾脏、胸腺、肾脏、法氏囊、骨髓、白细胞、泄殖腔棉拭子等不同样品进行检测，均可扩增出相应DNA片段。证明我们建立的PCR方法敏感性特异性强，可用于临床感染不同组织CIAV的检测。     

基于遥感的疏勒县植被覆盖时空变化研究

[目的]评价疏勒县生态环境质量及生态环境演变过程.[方法]基于Landsat遥感影像数据,利用归一化植被指数NDVI、像元二分模型、中心迁移模型等方法分析了 1996-2017年疏勒县植被覆盖时空演化.[结果]①疏勒县植被覆盖分布总体以高植被覆盖为主成大面积片状分布,中、低植被覆盖主要以盖孜河和克孜河为轴线,相对围绕高...