甘肃省张掖市动物检疫电子出证实践中的问题分析

为确保动物检疫工作及时有效,探索电子出证工作及系统管理的经验,本文分析了甘肃省张掖市动物检疫电子出证工作中存在的一些问题,如票证作废率高、不按顺序使用票证、票证填写不规范、签名不符合要求等,提出了严格票证管理、规范电子出证工作流程、加强电子出证人员的再培训、落实责任追究等建议。     

One year's study of dynamic and evolution of types I and II PRRSV in a swine farm

This study was to investigate dynamic and evolution of PRRSV in a seed-stock farm by monitoring PRRSV status from 11 June 2009 to 4 August 2010. For laboratory test, around 18-24 umbilical cords from farrowed sows and 5-95 sera from nursery and grow/finish pigs were submitted around every 2 weeks interval during the study. The submitted samples were tested for PRRSV using IDEXX PRRS 2XR ELISA kit, RT-nested PCR. The PRRSV-positive samples were further sequences based on ORF5 and analyzed using MEGA 3.1 program and Beast 1.5.4 package. The surveyed farm was first infected with type II PRRSV but it was infected newly with type I PRRSV of unknown origin, showing rapid substitution to type I PRRSV as a dominant strain in 2 weeks. The type I PRRSV was first detected from umbilical cord of a farrowed sow in 12 January 2010, and secondly from nursery pigs in 26 January 2010. Although sudden increase of mean S/P ratio was found in grow/finish pigs around 2 months earlier than first type I PRRSV detection, no type I PRRSV viremia was found. Thirty three ORF5 full sequences from 14 type II to 19 type I PRRSVs were obtained chronologically in this farm and the genetic characteristics and evolution rates of those sequences were analyzed. The substitution rates (/site/day) of two types were 4.03×10(-5) (type I), 3.09×10(-5) (type II), respectively, which was more frequent than previous reports. The calculated divergence time of type I PRRSV was consistent with the time when the sudden elevation of serum IgG in grow/finish barn was first observed. This study provided fundamental data for type I PRRSV dynamic in a previously type II PRRSV-infected farm and suggested grow/finisher barn could be a primary site for PRRSV introduction.     

天祝抓喜秀龙草原区旅游发展现状与制约因素调查

结合天祝抓喜秀龙地区草原旅游资源特点,对当地草原旅游发展状况进行分析,探寻制约其发展的主要因素,提出扩大宣传、加强管理、合理配置资源等解决对策。     

Effects of Photoperiod on Stem Cells Activation in Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

In order to extend the anagen of cashmere goat hair follicles and increase the production of cashmere,this study was performed with artificially shorten the daylight time among Arbas White cashmere goats. Skin tissue sections from cashmere goats were collected to compare the morphologic changes between artificial daylight and natural daylight,and immunohistochemical method was used to study the hair follicle cell proliferation and important protein expression in related signaling pathways. The results showed that strong cell proliferation occurred in cashmere goat hair follicle cells during artificial daylight,plenty of cytokeratin 15 (K15) positive signals were distributed in the outer root sheath,β-catenin protein was actively expressed in hair matrix and root sheath, indicating that the hair follicles were in the anagen growth phase;Meanwhile,cashmere goat hair follicles under natural daylight were in telogen with weak signals. Above all prove that short photoperiod played an important role in promoting hair follicle growth,the artificial short photoperiod could change hair follicle growth cycle and make hair follicles earlier enter to the anagen growth phase,causing a variety of typical gene expressions during hair follicle growth.     

猪鸡致病菌β-内酰胺酶、超广谱β-内酰胺酶检测与药敏试验

 对分离的猪鸡致病菌，分别进行了?－内酰胺酶、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测，并用试管二倍稀释法测定了β－内酰胺环类抗生素或β－内酰胺环类抗生素与抑制剂舒巴坦联用对非产酶菌、产?－内酰胺酶菌、产ESBLs菌的抗菌活性。结果表明，43株分离菌的大多数可产生?－内酰胺酶，3株鸡志贺氏菌为ESBLs阳性菌株。30株分离产酶菌均对阿莫西林、氨苄西林耐药（MIC≥32 ?g/ml），16株非产酶菌（标准菌株及分离株）中的15株对阿莫西林、氨苄西林敏感，只有一株非产酶分离菌耐药。氨苄西林与舒巴坦以2∶1、4∶1配比联用时，其对分离产酶菌的MIC值分别降低10~40倍、10~20倍。临床致病菌对三代头孢均敏感，与舒巴坦以2∶1、4∶1配比联用时，三代头孢的MIC值不变。当头孢噻呋、头孢曲松与舒巴坦以2∶1配比联用时，其对产ESBLs菌的MIC值降低2～4倍。     

蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育的影响

利用不同配比的茶花粉和黄豆粉饲料饲喂蜂群,测定后代工蜂的初生重和咽下腺宽度。结果发现,饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群,所育工蜂的初生重差异不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,差异极显著;饲喂100％茶花粉与饲喂“75％茶花粉＋25％黄豆粉”的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄、12日龄工蜂咽下腺宽度差异均不显著,与饲喂100％黄豆粉的蜂群相比,6日龄、9日龄差异不显著,而12日龄差异显著。本试验结果表明,蛋白质营养水平对工蜂初生重和咽下腺发育均具有显著的影响。     

对散养家禽的再认识及发展建议

2008年10月23-25日,笔者有幸赴印尼巴厘岛参加加拿大国际发展研究中心举办的“亚洲五国家禽庭院散养系统的特征和动态与禽流感风险管理”中期研讨会（东南亚五国为中国、印尼、泰国、越南、柬埔寨）,与会代表对散养家禽有关问题进行了广泛深入的讨论。受其启发,笔者结合平时在基层的调研与工作实践,拟从四个方面谈谈对散养家禽的几点认识。     

γ-氨基丁酸对夏季生长肥育猪血清生化指标的影响

将48头体重43kg左右的"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪随机分成两组,饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、10mg/kgGABA的日粮。结果表明:添加GABA使血清中钙、磷、钾、氯4种无机离子浓度提高,差异不显著(P>0.05);总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮水平有提高趋势,差异不显著(P>0.05),葡萄糖水平提高13.29%,差异显著(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶活性上升,差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性分别下降16.93%(P<0.05)、38.22%(P<0.01);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均有上升,其中GSH-Px差异极显著(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P>0.05)。     

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量的测定及超标原因分析

雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类抗生素尤其是呋喃西林代谢物-氨基脲(SEM)残留超标是困扰我国雄蜂蛹出口的一个难题。本文对不同日龄雄蜂蛹中硝基呋喃类代谢物含量进行了测定,并对超标原因进行了分析。测定结果表明,在蜂群没有使用任何硝基呋喃类药物情况下,各日龄雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量依然严重超标,随着日龄的增长,雄蜂蛹中的SEM含量大幅增长,特别是16d以后,每过2d,含量增加2μg/kg左右。推测雄蜂蛹中SEM含量超标是非人为因素造成的,可能与雄蜂蛹生长后期体内甲壳素含量的增加相关。     

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模在盐渍化土地适应性栽培效果分析

对临泽盐渍化土地栽培的鲁梅克斯K－1杂交酸模，进行了植物学特征、耐盐碱、抗寒性、营养价值，根系及土壤含盐量等性状的分析，发现鲁梅克斯K－1杂交酸模在含盐量1．15％土壤环境生长良好，其根组织能耐盐碱，且0－5cm土层含盐量可下降37．05％－50．58％，年可收获优质干草12．4t/hm^2，开发利用潜力巨大。