Stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using open pulled straws (OPS) in the mouse: a potential model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos

In the present study, mouse blastocysts were employed to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of stepwise in-straw dilution and direct transfer using the open pulled straw (OPS) method. In experiment I, the effects of various vitrification solutions (VS) on embryo survival were examined. After thawing, the expanded blastocyst rates (97.59 and 95.05%) and hatching rates (80.48 and 78.95%) achieved in the EDFS30 [15% ethylene glycol (EG), 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Ficoll, and sucrose] and EFS40 [40% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] groups were no different from those (96.15% and 83.33%) of the control group. However, the rates in the EFS30 [30% EG, Ficoll, and sucrose] (87.80 and 55.43%) and EDFS40 [20% EG, 20% DMSO, Ficoll, and sucrose] (95.69 and 70.97%) groups were significantly lower than those (96.15 and 83.33%) of the control group (P<0.05). In the experiment II, the effects of the volume of VS in the OPS on the survival of embryos after in-straw thawing were investigated. When the length of the VS in the column was less than 1 cm, the in vitro viability of embryos thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution was no different among the experimental and control groups. The embryos could be successfully thawed by immersing the OPS in 0.5 M sucrose for 3 min and then 0.25 M sucrose for 2 min. In experiment III, the effect of immersion time of the OPS in diluent (PBS) on the viability of vitrified embryos was investigated. After in-straw thawing, OPSs were immersed immediately in 1 ml PBS for 0 to 30 min. When the immersion time of the OPSs in PBS was less than 12 min, in vitro development of the in-straw thawed embryos was no different from that of the controls. In experiment IV, in-straw thawed blastocysts were directly transferred to pseudopregnant mice to examine their in vivo developmental viability. The pregnancy (91.67%) and birth rates (42.42%) of embryos in-straw thawed and directly transferred were no different from those of the unvitrified controls (90.90 and 40%) and embryos thawed by the conventional method (84.61 and 46.94%). These results demonstrate that mouse embryos vitrified with OPS could be successfully thawed by stepwise in-straw dilution and transferred directly to a recipient and that this method might be a model for field manipulation of vitrified embryos in farm animals.     

草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用

为明确草栖钝绥螨Amblyseius herbicolus对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的控制潜能,在温度分别为19、22、25、28和31℃、相对湿度均为（85±5）%、光周期均为16 L∶8 D条件下测定草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食偏好性、捕食功能反应及自身干扰反应。结果表明,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨幼螨和第1若螨具有嗜食性,对其捕食选择系数分别为2.22和1.27,均大于1.00,对二斑叶螨卵、第2若螨和雌成螨捕食选择系数分别为0.61、0.68和0.22,均小于1.00。在不同温度条件下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型;在19～31℃范围内,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的瞬时攻击率、最大日捕食量和捕食能力均随着温度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,在28℃时达到最大值;而草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨各螨态的处理时间随着温度升高呈先缩短后延迟的趋势,在28℃下处理时间最短。在相同温度下,草栖钝绥螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨的捕食作用较强。在有限的捕食空间和二斑叶螨密度固定的条件下,草栖钝绥螨单头捕食量和捕食作用率随其自身密度的增加而逐渐下降,说...     

明甪直天王殿松木斗拱振动台试验研究

以甪直保圣寺天王殿斗拱为参考对象,进行无缩尺松木斗拱模型的地震台试验研究。通过对斗拱的加速度与动力放大系数变化趋势、斗拱在振动过程中位移响应变化特征、斗拱变形最大时刻和各构件变形最大时刻的滑移位移和回转位移数值对比分析,得出以下结论：地震加速度用于衡量地震烈度,并不能直接反映斗拱试件的最大变形;振动频率的变化对斗拱回转变形的变化起重要作用,振幅是决定各构件水平滑移的主要因素;各构件变形最大值与斗拱整体变形最大值具有很强相关性,其中栌斗和华拱的回转变形对斗拱的整体变形而言,处于支配地位;斗拱的华拱连下昂部分主要起装饰作用,其榫卯连接节点位置在振动过程中较为薄弱,在对实际文物维护修缮过程中应引起重视并采取相关加固措施。     

夏播玉米制种的出路与探讨

河南、山东及周边省市是全国夏播玉米制种的主要集中地,由于夏播玉米制种的商品性与春播玉米制种的商品性存在着一定的差距,加之玉米种子连续几年市场疲软,导致夏播玉米制种面积逐年减少.2001年河南省夏播玉米制种面积在667hm2以上的市、县寥寥无几,"制种不如调种"、"制种风险大,调种风险小",成为相当一部分制种单位的共识.林州市作为河南省夏播玉米制种大县,在这种大环境下,知难而进,采取各种措施,努力探讨夏播玉米制种的出路,这几年,不仅顶住了市场经济竞争的冲击,而且大力发展扩大了夏播玉米制种面积.2001年在玉米播种大旱之年,仍发展玉米制种面积1 000hm2.回顾夏播玉米制种的发展历程,主要在下几方面进行了探讨与实践.     

电磁振动排种器的试验研究

对排种盘上的种子进行了运动分析,论述了电磁振动排种器的工作原理。通过试验,找出了振动式排种器各运动参数对排种器排种量的影响规律。对不同形状的中、小粒种子进行了条播和精播台架试验,并对水稻、小麦种子进行了田间试验,结果表明:该排种器适用于各种形状复杂的中、小粒种子,播种精度高,不损伤种子。     

基于高斯过程建模的物联网数据不确定性度量与预测

物联网已经成为农业大数据最重要的数据源之一,自动观测数据的质量控制对农业生产分析以及基础科研数据应用非常重要。针对农业物联网观测的一类非平稳时间序列数据中的数据缺失、野值剔除、感知故障预警和长时间预测等问题,采用光滑弱假设高斯先验,构建了基于高斯过程的自回归模型表征的动态系统,并通过样本集学习,形成能考虑噪声干扰的传感变化规律建模,并可提供预测误差带用于预测数据的不确定性度量。针对原始数据的缺失和野值问题,采用基于高斯过程的短期预测,可补齐缺失数据,利用其不确定性度量可甄别数据野值,进行野值剔除与替换,并在此基础上判断感知故障;给出了基于输入数据不确定性传播的多步迭代预测方法,使长期预测仍可以跟踪农业数据的动态轨迹,并可为其预测值提供不确定性度量;将温室采集的真实传感数据用于分析试验,验证了高斯过程用于服务器端的农业时间序列数据采集质量控制的可行性。     

农田优化灌溉动态管理基本程序与方法研究

从土壤———作物———大气连续体角度出发 ,利用田间试验资料和气象资料 ,分析了影响优化灌溉方案制定的有关因子 ,确定出春小麦、春玉米不同生长阶段土壤水分控制下限标准 ;在土壤水分平衡理论的基础上 ,建立了时域滚动预报灌溉日期的方法 ;并以春小麦、春玉米农田为例进行了检验 ,结果比较理想