内生拮抗枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2菌株的发酵条件

内生拮抗细菌BS 2菌株在以黄豆粉为原料的 3号培养基中生长速度快 ,发酵滤液对辣椒炭疽病菌的抑制作用强 ,菌液对辣椒果炭疽病的防效最好。培养基初始 pH值、培养时间、温度、通气量等对菌株生长及其抗菌物质的分泌有明显影响。结果表明 ,以黄豆粉培养基、初始 pH值 6 .7(灭菌后 )、2 8℃、培养 4 8h、并尽量增大培养通气量 ,为菌株的最佳发酵条件。     

抗咯菌腈禾谷镰刀菌的紫外诱导及其生物学特性

为评估玉米茎腐病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)对咯菌腈的室内抗药性风险,本研究通过室内紫外照射获得抗咯菌腈突变体,分析抗性突变体对咯菌腈的抗药性、遗传稳定性和生物学特性,及其对咯菌腈、戊唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯的交互抗性。结果表明,经紫外照射5min,获得17株抗咯菌腈突变体,其对咯菌腈的EC50为72.78~290.09μg/mL,是亲本菌株的4 000~17 000倍;抗性突变频率为1.7×10-6,可稳定遗传;最适生长温度均为25℃,最适pH均为8,与亲本菌株相同;菌落生长速度低于亲本菌株;在含有0.9mmol/L NaCl的PDA培养基中培养的菌落形态与不含NaCl的PDA培养基中的相比,亲本菌株和4号抗性菌株色素沉积减少,而1号和16号抗性菌株色素沉积增加。推测禾谷镰刀菌对咯菌腈存在中等或高等的室内抗药性风险。室内抗药性测定表明抗性突变体对咯菌腈和苯醚甲环唑均产生了抗性。     

纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂在不同类型田的发生规律

为掌握纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的发生特点,对纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂在单作稻田和水稻-玉米邻作类型田的发生规律进行了调查.结果显示:水稻-玉米模式中纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的数量在玉米的扬花期明显高于单作稻田,最高值为单作稻田模式的3.36倍,但是田间纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的寄生率并不高于单作稻田模式.在单作稻田未施药系统田,纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的数量显著高于施药系统田;并且与稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的数量密切相关.不论在何种种植模式下,纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的雌性比一直处于低水平,在单作稻田下,雌性比为0.2～0.3,在水稻-玉米邻作田,其雌性比为0.25左右.     

Allelopathy and the active metabolites of the endophytic fungus,Alternaria J46, from Platycladus orientalis

The endophytic fungus, Alternaria J46, was isolated from the stem of the medicinal plant, Platycladus orientalis. A suspension of Alternaria J46 mycelial segments and the culture filtrates of the fungi exhibited marked seed germination inhibition against the monocot wheat, large crabgrass, bromegrass, rice and barnyardgrass and weak inhibition against the dicot redroot pigweed and morning glory, but it was safe for use on soybean, rape, cucumber, tomato, lettuce and radish crops. It is possible to use J46 culture filtrates in order to prevent monocot weeds in dicot cropland. Three active metabolites were isolated from an extract of the fungus cultures and elucidated as 3‐acetyl‐5‐sec‐butyltetramic acid (1, tenuazonic acid), 3‐acetyl‐5‐iso‐butyltetramic acid (2, vivotoxin II) and cyclo‐(L‐leucyl‐L‐proline) (3). Among these three compounds, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant phytotoxic effects on the seed germination of large crabgrass, while compound 3 exhibited weak activity, and all were safe for lettuce at 100 μg mL^?1. Accordingly, compounds 1 and 2 were the main active metabolites that were responsible for endophytic fungus Alternaria J46's strong seed germination inhibition against monocotyledons.     

马铃薯甲虫空间分布型及序贯抽样

马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say是一种重要的害虫,为明确其在新疆的空间分布,及时采取有效的防控措施,在田间调查的基础上,采取随机取样和Iwao回归分析法对新疆乌鲁木齐地区的马铃薯甲虫成虫、卵块和幼虫的空间分布型、理论抽样数及幼虫的序贯抽样方法进行了研究。结果表明,马铃薯甲虫各虫态空间格局的聚块性指标均大于1,空间分布型为普通群聚型;对低龄幼虫进行序贯抽样,当防治阈值为50头/样方、置信水平为1.96时,防治上、下限方程分别为:d1=50n+81n和d0=50n-81n,当百株虫量达到756头以上时需要进行防治。     

Characteristics and dynamics analysis of Populus euphratica populations in the middle reaches of Tarim River

Populus euphratica Oliv. is widely distributed along the Tarim River. Maintaining stability of P. euphratica population is important to local development. This study explored the static life table, survivorship curves and four function curves (survival rate, cumulative mortality rate, mortality density, and hazard rate), and development index of P. euphratica population in the middle reaches of Tarim River. The results indicated that the age structure of P. euphratica population belonged to positive pyramidal type, which meant young age-class individuals occupied most populations. The number ofⅠ-Ⅱage classes accounted for 66.2% of whole population, and this indicated that there were abundant subsequent seedlings resources to support the growth of P. euphratica population in the middle reaches of Tarim River. The survivorship curve of P. euphratica belonged to the Deevey Ⅲ (concave-type) and the development index was 47.72%. Four function curves revealed that the individuals of P. euphratica sharply decreased at the initial stage and then leveled off at the late stage of survival curve. Time sequence prediction models predicted that the number of midlife individuals would increase in future 10, 20, 30 years, and P. euphratica population grew steadily as a result of rich saplings.     

农药中毒的原因分析及防治对策

为探讨农业生产过程中农药中毒的发生原因及规律,我们在枣阳市的吴店、南城、兴隆和鹿头等乡镇进行了调查和试验,为广大农民科学掌握使用农药的方法进行了有益探索,并研究制定了科学有效的预防对策.     

中国果树类病毒的发生及其研究进展(英文)

概述了在中国发生且己鉴定明确的5种果树类病毒,即苹果绣果类病毒(Apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)、梨泡状溃疡类病毒(Pear blister canker viroid,PBCVd)、葡萄黄斑类病毒-1(Grapevine yellow speckle viroid-1,GYSVd-1)、柑橘裂皮类病毒(Citrus exocortis viroid,CEVd)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(Peachlatent mosaic viroid,PLMVd)的研究进展,包括病害的首次发现、症状特征、发病规律、检测方法与防治对策以及这些类病毒的生物学与分子生物学特性。     

篱式果园纺锤形断面设计研究

在不同纬度地区建立篱式果园时,为充分利用太阳光能,必须确定合适的树篱断面形式及其适合的地理纬度。在每年春分到秋分这段生长期内,为满足篱式果园树冠基部每日中午前后都有3h以上的直射光照,利用天文三角公式计算太阳在不同纬度地区某日各时刻的位置,并计算在南北成行的条件下,满足光照奈件的树篱的确形角。在满足光照条件下,依不同的冠高与冠间距的比值分析确定三角形断面树篱适合的地理纬度,并利用前人的研究与该文相结合,进而讨论确定在不同纬度地区三角形断面树篱的最佳参数。然后,将三角形断面转化为纺锤形断面,为在篱式果园中纺锤形断面的设计提供理论依据。     

三种不同材质小菜蛾性诱剂诱芯田间诱蛾效果比较

利用挂胶型诱捕器比较了常规长效诱芯、双孔扁垫柱型诱芯和圆锥柱型诱芯3种不同材质和形状的性诱芯诱捕小菜蛾的效果。结果表明:双孔扁垫柱型诱芯诱蛾效果为最佳,是圆锥柱型诱芯诱蛾量的1.61倍,是常规长效诱芯诱蛾量的1.16倍。在持效期方面,双孔扁垫柱型诱芯同常规长效诱芯相同,好于圆锥柱型诱芯。