Effect of Human Menopausal Gonadotropin,17β-estradiol and Epidermal Growth Factor on the Quality of in vitro Maturation Bovine Oocytes

For optimizing in vitro maturation system of bovine oocytes,we firstly examined the influence of four different hormonal regimes(FSH+LH,HMG,FSH+LH+E₂ and HMG+E₂) on oocyte maturation rates.Then we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the above defined medium on bovine oocyte maturation,in vitro development and quality of parthenogenetic embryos.The cell apoptotic index of parthenogenetic blastocysts was detected by TUNEL.No significant difference was observed in maturation rates in four groups supplemented with different hormones.However,human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) provided steady maturation results in replicates.Maturation of oocytes was promoted by supplementation with 17β-estradiol (E₂).Combination of HMG and E₂ gave rise to steady and efficient mature results.The presence of EGF at 30 ng/mL concentration significantly increased maturation rate and blastocyst rate and reduced apoptotic cells in parthenogenetic blastocysts.Therefore,the optimal oocyte maturation solution could be supplemented with 0.075 IU/mL HMG,1 μg/mL E₂ and 30 ng/mL EGF.     

贵州省农村信息化服务现状实证分析与发展对策

[目的]为深入了解贵州省农村信息化服务现状,以期更科学地探索与设计贵州省农村信息化服务模式,为广大农民提供优质的信息服务.[方法]对贵州省所有地州市典型县份、典型乡（镇）和行政村的农户以进村入户、现场调查、走访、座谈和发放问卷等方式进行实地调查和数据采集,并利用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件对数据进行分析处理.[结果]贵州省农村信息化服务基础设施建设成效显著、信息传播渠道呈立体化发展、信息服务内容丰富.但也存在基础设施运行效率不高、信息传播渠道不够畅通、信息资源质量不高、信息支付意愿不强等问题.[建议]应加大基础设施建设力度、提高基础设施利用率,整合各种信息传播途径、畅通信息服务渠道,加大信息资源建设力度、提高信息内容质量,加强教育力度、提高信息意识,以推动贵州省农村信息化服务快速发展.     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

东北次生林森林公园林内景观质量提升技术

为提高东北次生林森林公园景观质量,在吉林市大石门沟森林公园次生林选择典型样地,采取了修枝、去除枯落物、清灌等技术措施对次生林林内进行处理。采用心理物理学派的美景度评价法(SBE)、相关分析和回归分析等方法,确定了次生林样地内景观质量指标和预测模型。结果表明:3种技术措施均能有效提高林内景观质量,清灌措施使林内景观美景度均值从29.8提升到70.3;修枝措施使林内景观美景度均值从38.3提升到58.3;去除枯落物措施使林内景观美景度均值从36.9提升到53.4。对照组美景度的模型如下:M_(SBE)=-49.7+31.2X_(10),空间感(X_(10))为主导因子(P0.01);清灌组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-132+56.5X_4,自然程度(X_4)为主导因子(P0.05);修枝组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-102.5+58.1X_5,树木排列(X_5)为主导因子(P0.01);去除枯落物组的美景度回归模型:M_(SBE)=-73.2+39.6X_1,树干形态(X_1)为主导因子(P0.05)。说明3种措施中提升景观质量效果排序,清灌修枝去除枯落物;采取不同的技术措施使原有次生林林内景观结构发生改变,影响景观美景度的主要因子也同时发生的改变。     

生猪养殖规模成本与收益的比较研究

文章通过对1991~2012年我国生猪散养和规模养殖的有关成本和收益的比较分析后发现,生猪养殖的风险在不断加大,散户养殖的成本高于规模养殖,差距在不断扩大;散户养殖的收益低于规模养殖;虽然规模养殖的物质与服务成本高于散户养殖,但人工成本远低于散户养殖;规模养殖的单位用工量和平均饲养周期低于散户养殖。基于上述比较分析的结论,得出发展规模化养殖的几点启示。     

绿原酸提取物的抗氧化活性协同增效作用

以蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸提取物为试材,采用FRAP亚铁离子还原能力为考察指标,研究了蒲公英和葵花籽粕来源的绿原酸提取物对抗氧化活性的影响因素,以抗氧化活性的半抑制浓度IC50为复配依据,评价蒲公英绿原酸与葵花籽粕复配品的抗氧化协同增效作用,以期为开发绿色高效的天然抗氧化剂提供参考依据.结果表明:反应体系在pH为4.0、37℃条件下,蒲公英和葵花籽粕绿原酸对FRAP亚铁离子还原能力达到最高,分别为1.11、1.09.蒲公英绿原酸可提高葵花籽粕复配品对FRAP亚铁离子的还原能力,具有抗氧化协同增效作用.     

Copper‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Responses of the Antioxidant System in Roots of Medicago sativa

The effects of various copper (Cu) concentrations on the antioxidative system in the roots of Medicago sativa were explored. The results indicated that the Cu content of the roots reached a value of 854 μg g^?1 DW at 10 μm Cu and a value of 4415 μg g^?1 DW at 100 μm Cu, suggesting that M. sativa has better ability to tolerate and accumulate Cu than other Cu‐bioaccumulators, and is a potential plant for phytoremediation. Treatment with Cu resulted in a significant increment in the levels of H₂O₂, O₂˙^? and OH˙. The reduced form of ascorbate and glutathione reached a peak at 30 μm Cu, and was followed by a sharp depletion to a lower level than that of the control. In contrast, the levels of the oxidised forms of ascorbate and glutathione showed a progressive increment with increasing Cu concentrations, suggesting that the antioxidant system was unable to cope with Cu stress at higher Cu levels. Under the Cu concentrations tested, the activity of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) increased at lower Cu concentrations, and then decreased, reaching a maximum at 30 μm of Cu for APX and GR, at 10 μm for CAT, whereas the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) were gradually increased with increasing Cu concentrations. PAGE analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.1.5.1.1) revealed that one band is a Mn‐SOD and five bands are identified as Cu, Zn‐SOD, whereas Fe‐SOD isoforms were not found in the roots of alfalfa. Cu at 10–100 μm increased the intensity of constitutive isozymes of CAT, APX and POD, whereas it decreased the intensity of isozymes of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) significantly. The activities of lipoxygenases (LOX, EC 1.13.11.12) were gradually augmented with increasing Cu concentrations, demonstrating that LOXs are probably involved in production of lipid hydroperoxides and superoxide anion. There was a continuous and pronounced enhancement in the activity of esterase (EST, EC 3.1.1.1) in roots treated with 10–30 Cu μm , whereas EST activity in roots exposed to above 30 μm Cu declined, suggesting that EST plays a protective role under lower Cu concentrations stress.     

荞麦抗旱性研究进展

荞麦是一种珍贵的药食同源作物,随着人们对健康饮食的逐渐重视,荞麦及其加工产品在人们生活中的地位越发重要。中国拥有丰富的荞麦资源,多种植在干旱或半干旱的冷凉高原山区及边远山区。干旱严重影响荞麦的产量和品质,提高荞麦抗旱性在荞麦生产中起着重要的作用。为此,从干旱对荞麦形态特征、抗旱性的生理生化基础、干旱对荞麦产量及品质的影响等方面阐述了荞麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对荞麦抗旱分子机理方面的研究进行了展望。     

赤霉素调控植物块茎形态建成的研究进展

赤霉素对植物的生长发育具有重要的调控作用。综述了赤霉素调控块茎形态建成的研究进展。块茎形态建成是一个复杂的生理过程,受遗传、坏境等因素共同调控,其中,激素调控发挥重要作用。虽然多种激素参与调控块茎的形态建成,但它们的效果最终均依赖于赤霉素含量。一般认为赤霉素抑制或延缓块茎的形成,但对块茎生长膨大的作用有不同的看法。已明确植物体内赤霉素转导的GA-GID1-DELLA路径,但是否在块茎形态建成过程中发挥作用还不清楚。最后提出块茎形态建成可能分为块茎启动和生长膨大两个不同阶段,分属于两个独立的调控系统,同时存在不同于GA-GID1-DELLA信号通路的赤霉素途径,赤霉素在其中发挥的作用不同,机制也不同。     

库车坳陷克深地区现今地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟

克深三维区目前处于勘探开发的前期,需要明确地应力场及地下储层裂缝的分布规律,指导开发工作,但该区存在地层埋深大、取心困难、成像测井资料缺乏等实际情况,应力场研究及裂缝预测难度大。利用有限元分析方法,以井点现今地应力值为约束进行了克深三维区现今地应力场的数值模拟,同时建立了应力应变与裂缝参数的定量关系模型,利用古今应力场结合法对克深三维区的裂缝参数进行了预测,模拟结果显示构造高部位和断层带是低应力值区及裂缝的有利发育区。裂缝的数值模拟结果与测井解释结果对比表明,预测结果与实钻吻合度较高,裂缝预测效果较好。