欧盟屠宰检疫检验规则研究

作者对欧盟有关畜禽屠宰检验检疫法规指令、英国实施屠宰检疫的具体做法进行的研究梳理,旨在为我国制定实施相关屠宰检疫检验法规制度,开展屠宰行业管理提供借鉴和参考。     

细菌多糖的生物合成机制研究进展

多糖是细菌细胞的主要组成部分,在细菌与宿主的相互作用中起到重要作用,在参与细菌与宿主的识别,帮助细菌产生毒力,调节宿主免疫反应等生物过程中扮演着重要的角色。随着基因组学的发展,人们发现尽管细菌多糖的种类很多,但它们的合成机制具有相似性。多糖生物合成的研究主要基于基因组的序列分析预测,结合代谢产物研究的基因分析,不够详尽。随着研究的深入,人们越来越关注细菌多糖的合成机制,这种机制的研究将为进一步阐明细菌多糖多样性的形成机制及与宿主间的相互作用机制奠定基础,为开发针对相应病原菌的新型疫苗和治疗方法,及进一步实现分子水平的相关疾病防控和资源开发提供技术支持。作者以肽聚糖、O-抗原和夹膜多糖为代表,阐述了其生物合成及体外生物合成机制的研究进展和相关问题,并总结了细菌多糖合成途径的研究在寻找候选抗原和控制病原细菌靶位以及研究细菌遗传进化和生物合成方面的作用。     

鸡白细胞介素2原核表达载体的构建及表达产物的鉴定

将鸡白细胞介素2(IL-2)的cDNA克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a( )上，构建原核重组表达质粒pET-IL-2，并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达，37℃用IPTG诱导3.5h后，SDS-PAGE检测表明，表达蛋白以包涵体的形式存在。将诱导后的工程菌超声波裂解，离心后的沉淀用PBS洗涤5～6次，得到高纯度的目的蛋白。     

Collagen fragmentation in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligament explants

Collagen fragmentation in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) explants and stifle synovial fluid was investigated in dogs with ruptured and intact CCL. Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities were determined in CCL explant supernatants. Formation of collagen fragments was determined in explant supernatants and stifle synovial fluid. Cathepsin K(+) and TRAP(+) cells were stained specifically in histological sections of CCL. Formation of telopeptide collagen fragments was increased in ruptured CCL explants and stifle synovial fluid from dogs with ruptured CCL. In ruptured CCL explants, release of collagen fragments was associated with extracellular release of TRAP and the presence of cathepsin K(+) cells within CCL tissue. Cathepsin K(+) and TRAP(+) cells were only seen in ruptured CCL. It was concluded that infiltration of the CCL with TRAP(+) cells in dogs with CCL rupture is associated with increased collagenolysis. It is hypothesized that recruitment and activation of TRAP(+) mononuclear cells within the synovium and CCL precipitates CCL rupture through upregulation of collagenolytic enzymes and collagen degradation.     

灭蚤项圈对犬、猫蚤的临床试验

采用自身对照试验，以自然感染栉首蚤（Ctenocephalides sp．）的犬与猫为试验动物，验证常熟市金牧药业有限公司生产的灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对蚤的杀灭与防治效果。结果表明：在整个试验期间，所有参与试验的犬、猫均未出现任何不良反应，犬、猫在挂项圈（即用药）后第14～60天，杀虫率分别在97．3％～98．4％与96．6％～98．0％之间，杀虫效果极显著（P〈o．01）。证明灭蚤项圈（犬用、猫用）对犬、猫安全可靠，能长期杀灭犬、猫蚤类。     

豫西地区酢浆草草坪昆虫种类调查及群落分析

对河南省豫西地区主要城市酢浆草Oxalis corniculate草坪昆虫群落进行了调查,共鉴定出昆虫12目36科75种,其中有害昆虫56种,有益天敌18种,其他昆虫1种.在有害昆虫中,不同季节优势种不一样,春季的优势种为蚜虫,夏季的优势种为酢浆草茹叶螨Tetranychina harti和朱砂叶螨T.cinnabarinus,秋季的优势种是酢浆草茹叶螨T.Hharti和蛴螬Holotrichia diomphalia.它们都是综合治理的主要对象.     

黄土丘陵区不同管理方式下草地优势种群的生态位

以吴起县杨青川流域草地为研究对象,对封育(Enclosure)、放牧(Grazing)、施肥(Fertilization)、刈割(Clipping)、灭鼠(Deratization)5种管理方式的草地群落进行调查,并运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对5种管理方式下主要植物种群生态位特征进行分析。结果表明,达乌里胡枝子(Lespedeza davurica)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、赖草(Leymus secalinus)、猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和硬质早熟禾(Poa sphondylodes)的种群总生态位宽度较大,封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠管理模式下,生态位宽度最大的分别是达乌里胡枝子、赖草、紫花地丁(Viola philippica)、达乌里胡枝子和猪毛蒿,生态位宽度值大于4的物种数分别为6、6、3、4和3种。不同管理方式下各种对间的重叠指数平均值由大到小依次封育放牧施肥刈割灭鼠。施肥管理中,种群间生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间存在线性关系,其它管理方式中种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠之间不存在线性关系。生态位分析表明,封育和放牧管理下种群间对资源的需求趋于相同,彼此间通过竞争共存,有利于群落演替,草地生态系统逐渐得到恢复,施肥、刈割、灭鼠管理使群落物种竞争排序发生变化,破坏了草地生态系统原有的竞争机制,导致群落向简单群落演替。从牧草发展角度出发,封育、施肥和刈割有利于优质牧草生长。     

河南草坪主要病虫草害群落研究

对河南省草坪病虫草害进行了系统的研究,摸清了全省草坪常见的病虫草害种类,计有病害8种,害虫107种,害虫天敌21种,杂草59种.同时,对各种草坪昆虫和杂草按生态功能或自然系统或草坪种类进行了分门别类,并根据病虫草的发生数量和对草坪的为害程度,从群落的角度确定了白三叶草坪、高羊茅草坪、酢浆草草坪等四种草坪上害虫和杂草的优势种,为草坪病虫草害在群落水平上进行综合治理提供了重要的基础和依据.     

生物饲料在21世纪的前景

近年来,国际上先后发生的英国“疯牛病”事件和比利时“二恶英”事件,引起了世界各国人民的恐慌,饲料的安全问题已引起世界各国政府的高度重视。据此,我国除于1999年颁布了《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》,加强以法治饲工作,保证饲料安全外,国家饲料研究机构在提出21世纪中国饲料工业可持续发展的措施中,重点提到21世纪利用生物技术,加强对环保型和清洁型饲料的开发。生物饲料作为一种新型饲料,在21世纪的作用已越来越引起饲料科技工作者的重视,因此21世纪生物饲料将有广阔的发展前景。所谓生物饲料即微生物饲料,是在微生态理论指导下采用已知…     

Kaempferol alleviates the reduction of developmental competence during aging of porcine oocytes

Kaempferol (KAE) is a natural flavonoid present in different plant species and exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer therapeutic properties. In the present study, we investigated the influence and underlying mechanisms of KAE supplementation on porcine oocytes during in vitro aging. The results show that KAE treatment can alleviate the aging‐related reduction of developmental competence. We observed that the blastocyst production rate in aged oocytes treated with 0.1 μM KAE was significantly higher than in untreated aging oocytes (36.78 ± 0.86% vs. 27.55 ± 2.60%, respectively, p < .05). The KAE‐treated aging oocytes had significantly reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (p < .05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the embryonic pluripotency‐related genes Oct4, NANOG, and ITGA5 were significantly increased in blastocysts derived from KAE‐treated oocytes (p < .05). During excessive oocyte culture, KAE treatment maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced apoptosis; however, this was not observed in untreated aging oocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that KAE treatment can alleviate the aging of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.