保护地菜豆菌核病发病规律研究

为明确保护地菜豆菌核病的田间发病规律,为病害的科学防治提供依据。通过田间调查和室内分析,运用相关分析的方法研究了不同季节菜豆菌核病的发病情况,以及气象因子与菜豆菌核病的相关关系。结果表明：地表残花带菌检出率秋季高于春季;植株茎蔓发病率和豆荚发病率,秋季显著高于春季;10月份是菜豆菌核病的发病高峰期;在发病适期内,阴雨日数与发病率存在正相关关系,相关方程式为Y＝-7.5425+1.7153X,相关系数r=0.8516;天津地区菜豆菌核病菌能以菌核形式在土壤中安全越冬。秋季低温多雨有利于菌核病发生和流行,发病率与阴雨日数成正相关关系。     

六堡茶的理化分析研究

研究六堡茶散茶和砖茶(2006年产)的主要功能化学成分的含量及其光谱学特性。采用高效液相色谱法、分光光度法及色差分析等方法,分析六堡茶的理化特性,六堡茶散茶和砖茶的主要化学功能成分分析中,游离氨基酸含量分别为（29.81±0.073）和（2.37±0.011）mg/g,未检测出茶氨酸;水溶性糖含量分别为：(38.45±1.03)和(47.55±1.19)mg/g;游离蛋白质含量为13.28±0.53)和(11.41±1.71)mg/g;没食子酸含量分别为：(4.24±0.063)和(2.37±0.011)mg/g;咖啡碱含量分别为：(28.30±0.10)和(29.28±0.059)mg/g;茶多酚含量分别为：(131.09±8.41)和(95.61±0.58)mg/g,儿茶素类单体分别有8和7种检出,并分析了其含量;水浸出物含量分别为：(335.68±9.22)和(305.22±7.76)mg/g。用L*a*b*表色系分析了六堡茶和普洱茶茶汤的色差。紫外可见吸收光谱分析表明六堡茶茶汤在205nm和272nm处近有特征吸收峰。得出结论：六堡茶的理化特性呈现典型的黑茶特征。     

小麦磷效率相关性状配合力与环境互作分析

为了研究小麦磷效率相关性状的配合力与环境互作,随机选用8个亲本,组配成28个双列杂 交组合在两种环境条件下进行试验。结果表明,所有4个性状的一般配合力与环境互作和特殊配合 力与环境互作均达极显著水平;子粒全磷含量以环境效应的作用最大,非加性效应与环境互作次之; 叶片和茎秆磷含量以及磷素利用效率以非加性效应与环境互作为主,非加性效应次之;除子粒全磷 含量外,其它3个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力稳定性都较低,在50％以下。最后讨论了配合力的 测度和不同器官磷含量与磷素利用效率的关系。     

Principle and Key Technology of Full Automatic Vicat Apparatus

In this paper the working principle and performance character of both the manual and automatic Vicat apparatuses in existence are compared and analyzed,and their existing weakness and the urgent problem to be solved are pointed out.On this basis,adopting the technology of mechatronics and modern sensors,a new sort of full automatic Vicat apparatus that can fully satisfy the national standard in testing the setting time of the cement has been developed.This apparatus can be operated expediently with high precision,the test results are to be analyzed and computed automatically.This paper presents the working principle,performance character,key technology and prospect of application for the full automatic Vicat apparatus.     

Temporal-spatial Filtering in the Preprocessing of Clinical EEG Signals

EEG spot-recording for clinical patients in the bed is always advocated due to easing patients and making them comfortable. But EEG signals recorded in the ward exposed to various noisesand interference is less effective in the EEG analysis. Atemporal-spatial filter is designed for noise removing of clinical EEG signals, the first filtering is temporal filtering using band-pass filter, and the second filtering is spatial filtering with ICA-based spatial filter. Experimental results indicate that various noises and interferences, such as power interference, blinking, eyes movements, muscle moments, ECG artifacts, etc., are removed effectively, individually or simultaneously.     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法检测种子水分和生活力的研究

采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定玉米、水稻种子的水分和生活力,并用光谱影响值法(Leverage)对异常值进行判断和处理.建立玉米、水稻种子水分、生活力的近红外光谱分析模型,快速地预测玉米、水稻种子的水分、生活力,满足农作物种子质量快速检测、贮藏、育种等的需要.     

气候变化对呼伦贝尔草地地上生物量的影响

基于温、压、湿、风等主要气象资料,结合生长季逐月的地上生物量实测数据,分析气候变化及气候年型对牧草产量形成的影响,结果表明:(1)两站降水量呈波动变化,无明显的变化趋势;(2)额尔古纳和鄂温克的年均气温呈显著升高的趋势,气温倾向率分别为0.348℃/10 a、0.444℃/10 a,增温速率均明显高于同期中国东北地区,其中,鄂温克的增温速率高于中国增温最迅速的青藏地区;(3)额尔古纳和鄂温克潜在蒸散量呈波动升高的趋势;(4)两站湿润度呈显著的波动下降趋势,气候呈较明显的变干燥趋势;(5)湿润状况影响两站地上生物量形成,气候偏旱年草原地上生物量的形成会受到显著的抑制,两站草地地上生物量均与当月及上个月的湿润度指数呈线性回归关系。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

自适应滴头的控制体受力分析

为分析自适应滴头的自动调流功效,研究了自适应滴头控制体的弹性调节膜原始尺寸和装配后的预变形挠度,进行了弹性调节膜的综合受力分析,并运用力学的作用应力、挠度和有效面积以及接触面的密封比压等理论分析与计算方法,得出控制合力对接触面的实际密封比压。结果表明：自适应滴头弹性膜片在装配变形挠度产生的预紧力和土壤负压20 kPa等控制分力的共同作用下,产生的最小实际密封比压为0.61 MPa,而计算的理论密封比压也为0.61 MPa,符合两个接触面正向压紧密封需要的“实际密封比压不小于理论密封比压”条件,足以维持滴头的初始断水模式,并处于止水、通水的临界状态。当土壤继续干旱、土壤负压微微变大到21 kPa以上时,实际密封比压降至0.54 MPa,远小于理论密封比压,滴头即开始滴水,进入自动调节通水状态,有效地实现了自动调流功效。