基于ANSYS雾化喷嘴流场分析及参数优化

喷嘴是喷雾作业的终端件,也是核心部件之一。喷嘴的锥形面处是流场速度和压力变化的关键部位,喷嘴入口对喷嘴出口流量和速度有很大影响。为此,运用ANSYS软件模拟了液力式雾化喷嘴的内部流场和喷嘴外部雾化场雾滴分布和速度分布情况,对比分析了不同结构参数对喷嘴流场的影响,为喷嘴结构参数的合理选择提供了一定的参考。     

蝴蝶兰新品种‘顺科红霞’

‘顺科红霞’蝴蝶兰是以‘朝阳红’为母本,‘巨宝红玫瑰’为父本杂交育成的新品种。深玫红大花品种,花朵数12 ~ 16 朵,花朵排列整齐有序;花横径10.8 ~ 11.7 cm,花期长达132 d。     

安淮山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞的分离培养与鉴定

为了分离得到安淮山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,成功构建山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞系,为相关研究提供实验材料。以安淮山羊背最长肌肌肉组织为材料,采取胶原酶和胰蛋白酶结合的二步消化法,结合差速贴壁法纯化原代骨骼肌卫星细胞。对骨骼肌卫星细胞中特异性基因Pax7用免疫荧光染色法及PCR扩增加以鉴定。通过分离、纯化,得到纯度较高的山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,其形态为圆形,折光性强。培养一段时间后密度增大,细胞呈梭型。所得骨骼肌卫星细胞生长状态良好,具有较为一致的生长方式和形态特点。经免疫荧光染色法以及PCR鉴定发现细胞系中有Pax7基因的表达。通过上述材料和方法,可获得较纯的山羊骨骼肌卫星细胞,并稳定传代。     

发酵方法对柿果醋中香气成分的影

采用顶空固相微萃取法、结合气相色谱质谱联用技术,对自然发酵和常规发酵柿果醋中香气成分进行了分离与分析比较,分别从2种柿果醋中分离鉴定出挥发性化合物63种,均含有酯类、羧酸类、醇类、烃类、醛酮类、酚类及少量其他化合物.常规发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有酯类33.78%、醇类32.38%和烃类1.08%,高于自然发酵柿果醋的含量;自然发酵柿果醋香气成分中含有羧酸类61.25%、醛酮类9.66%和酚类6.13%,高于常规发酵柿果醋的含量.采用常规发酵法生产的柿果醋具有较好的感官质量.     

Argo数据库的构建与渔业分析应用

遥感数据在渔业分析中应用广泛,但它只能提供海洋表层参考信息,远洋捕捞常常需要次表层环境信息辅助渔场预测。Argo剖面数据提供了从表层到2 000 m以浅的数据,利用Argo数据建立的次表层海况数据库可以为渔业分析提供更多的参考信息。从GDacs服务器自动定时下载数据并更新数据库,利用Akima插值方法处理垂直剖面数据,通过分析温度和盐度的变化情况计算出温跃层和盐跃层,以及其深度、厚度、强度等信息,利用反距离权重插值法绘制海洋次表层环境信息图,结合渔业信息数据可以很好地应用于渔业分析。研究亮点:多数金枪鱼类生活在海洋表层至100 m,温跃层限制了鱼类的上下移动。文章研究了Argo数据自动化处理,使用AKIMA、IDW插值生成温跃层上(下)界温度、盐度、深度、强度;根据温跃层深度选择用于辅助分析的水层;分析渔获量分布、变化等与海洋次表层环境特点的关系。     

Crayfish Carapace Powder Adsorbing Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution: Capacity,Characterization, Mechanism

ABSTRACT

Crayfish carapace powder is a low cost natural absorbent effective for the removal of heavy metals. Its adsorption capacity was far superior to its extracts—namely, chitin and chitosan. To understand the mechanism of heavy metals removed by this material, various techniques were implemented to characterize the samples. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed there was metal carbonate crystal formed on the surface of carapace granules after adsorbing heavy metal ions. The ion exchange between Ca²⁺ and M²⁺, chelation between M²⁺ and chitin, protein, chemical precipitation, and physical adsorption may be the external mechanism of adsorption.     

Two biomass preparation methods provide insights into studying microbial communities of intestinal mucosa in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Animal digestive tract is habitat for a large number of autochthonous microbiota, which play central roles in multiple biological and physiological processes of the host. In this study, two different micro‐biomass preparation methods were employed to evaluate the diversity of intestinal mucosa‐associated microbiota in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Genomic DNAs were isolated either directly from intestinal mucosal samples (group A), or from micro‐biomass after microbial dissociation (group B). Community richness, diversity and evenness indices were all higher in group B, but differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.97, P = 0.33, P = 0.34 respectively). Furthermore, group B samples exhibited an increased ratio of bacterial DNA in comparison with group A samples, but the difference was also not statistically significant (P = 0.74). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05) at the taxonomic level. Our results support previous findings that there exists a great abundance of the intestinal mucosa‐adherent microbiota in the grass carp; among these, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Fusobacteria were the most common phyla. Within these microbiota, Paenibacillus, Bacteroides, Bacillus and Cetobacterium genera comprise the majority of the community, implicating their functional importance (e.g. as probiotics) to their host. Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the intestinal microbial profile of grass carp. Both micro‐biomass preparation techniques proved to be feasible for studying mucosa‐adherent microbiota of grass carp; however, the second method (group B) provides a protocol that is somewhat more effective than the first method (group A).     

洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中氮素污染及其环境成本

畜禽养殖在保障肉食供应、改善居民生活、增加农民收入等方面发挥着重要作用,但是畜禽粪便中的氮素也给环境造成严重污染,加强畜禽粪便氮素污染及其环境成本研究有重要意义。该研究以湖南洞庭湖区为对象,从耕地、水体、大气3个方面估算了该区域畜禽粪便的氮素污染及其环境成本。结果表明,2006年湖南洞庭湖区畜禽粪便中的氮素养分为18.99 万t,粪便中氮素污染的环境成本为8.77亿元,其中对农田、水体、大气污染的环境成本分别为2.32 亿元、4.81亿元、1.64 亿元。畜禽粪便氮素养分所产生的环境污染问题已经不容忽视。     

5种中草药的不同溶剂提取物对嗜水气单胞菌抑菌活性的研究

为探讨不同有机溶剂对常用中草药的提取效果及其提取物对水产常见病原菌的抑菌活性,以50%乙醇、无水乙醇、氯仿、甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和石油醚为提取溶剂,根据水浴旋转蒸发器回流提取工作原理,分别对五倍子、乌梅、诃子、大黄和五味子等5种中草药进行固液萃取,并用其提取物对水产高致病性病原菌嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）进行体外抑杀菌试验。结果表明：50%乙醇、无水乙醇、甲醇对5种中草药的提取效果优于其他4种溶剂,尤以甲醇的提取效果最佳,其提取率分别为五倍子46.09%、乌梅27.58%、诃子29.55%、大黄50.34%、五味子30.88%;提取效果最差的是石油醚,其提取率分别为五倍子1.98%、乌梅1.73%、诃子2.21%、大黄0.89%、五味子3.40%。体外抑菌试验结果显示,嗜水气单胞菌对五倍子的3种醇提物均表现为极度敏感,对大黄的甲醇提取物表现为高度敏感,对五倍子、大黄和五味子的氯仿提取物以及对乌梅、大黄和五味子的石油醚提取物呈低度敏感,对五倍子的丙酮提取物等共25种提取物表现为中度敏感;五倍子、大黄的醇提物对供试菌的抑杀菌效果明显优于其他3种中草药的任何一种...     

利用低盐度养殖的凡纳滨对虾培育亲虾初探

以在盐度2~3条件下养殖至9月龄的凡纳滨对虾( Litopenaeus vannamei )成虾为材料, 研究低盐度养殖对虾在不同盐度驯养条件下的繁殖性能, 以期为利用低盐度养殖对虾培育亲虾提供科学依据。实验盐度梯度设置为1、8、15、23和30。雌虾经剪切单侧眼柄后进行促熟培育, 促熟期间的雄虾养殖水温控制在(27±0.5)℃, 雌虾水温控制在(28±0.5)℃。定期检查雌虾卵巢和雄虾精荚的发育情况, 采用精荚人工移植技术对不同盐度条件下培育的亲虾进行组合交配, 统计受精率和孵化率, 组织切片观察卵巢发育, 综合评价各实验组合的繁殖性能。结果表明, 在实验盐度梯度范围内, 雌虾卵巢都可发育成熟; 盐度1组雌虾成熟比例仅10%, 且全部死亡; 盐度8和15下发育成熟的雌虾达70%, 可正常产卵, 但产出的卵子受精率较低, 不能孵化出无节幼体; 盐度23和30下发育成熟的雌虾超过76%, 可正常产卵、孵化, 但孵化率较低。组织切片观察, 盐度8~30范围内各组雌虾卵巢发育无明显差异。在盐度8~30范围内, 凡纳滨对虾雄虾精巢都能够正常发育成熟, 但盐度30和23实验组的雄虾精巢发育速度明显快于盐度15和8组; 随着盐度的降低, 精荚发育成熟所需要的时间明显延长; 所有盐度实验组的精荚被移植后都可与卵子受精并孵化出无节幼体。