三组麻醉药物对小型猪麻醉效果的比较

本试验将小型猪特异性麻醉剂(XFM)、氯胺酮复合安定及速眠新Ⅱ联合戊巴比妥钠三组麻醉药,对小型猪麻醉效果进行比较,将18头中国试验用小型猪随机分成3组,第一组肌肉注射猪小型猪复合麻醉剂(XFM)0.15 mL/kg体重;第二组氯胺酮(8 mg/kg体重)复合安定(1 mg/kg体重),肌肉注射;第三组速眠新Ⅱ0.1 mL/kg体重、戊巴比妥钠10.5 mg/kg体重,联合肌肉注射.试验结果表明,XFM组和速眠新Ⅱ组与氯胺酮组相比对体温和呼吸影响小;XFM组与其他两组比较麻醉诱导时间短,麻醉时间长,苏醒期短;氯胺酮组和XFM组与速眠新Ⅱ组相比麻醉镇痛、镇静、肌松效果好.综合评价XFM组与其他两组比具有对小型猪体温(T)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)影响小,麻醉时间适中,麻醉效果确实,镇静、镇痛、肌松效果均衡等优点.     

Association of SNPs in GnRH gene with sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo

Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls the activity of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and plays a key role in the reproductive performance of animals. In this study, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely g.991T > C, g.1041T > C g.3424T > C, g.3462C > A and g.3463Inde A, were detected in the GnRH gene of 162 water buffaloes by Sanger sequencing. Each SNP was associated with more than two sperm quality traits of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, post-thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. g.3424T > C and g.3462C > A were related to these four traits and had a remarkable effect on ejaculate volume. The three other SNPs were related to sperm concentration, post-thaw sperm motility and sperm abnormality. Moreover, six haplotypes (H1: TCCAI, H2: CTTC-, H3: TCCCI, H4: CTTA-, H5: CCTA- and H6: CTCC-) composed of five SNPs comprising seven different combined genotypes were generated by linkage disequilibrium analysis. Statistics followed by one-way ANOVA indicated that water buffaloes with the haplotype combination H1H1 had the highest genotypic frequency, and those with the H4H4 haplotype combination had the highest ejaculate volume. The sperm concentration of those with haplotype combination H1H5 was higher than that of the other genotypes. In summary, our study showed a remarkable association between the SNPs of GnRH and sperm quality traits of Chinese water buffalo.     

设施延迟栽培条件下杨梅果实品质指标的动态变化

以13年生‘东魁’与‘荸荠种’为试验材料,研究设施延迟栽培对杨梅果实发育过程中果实大小、单果重、糖、酸、花青苷、总酚、VC等品质指标的影响。结果表明：在果实成熟期,设施延迟栽培杨梅的果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC含量等品质指标均要优于露地栽培的,两者的总酚含量差异不显著;而延迟栽培后期,设施内杨梅除果实大小、单果重外,其它品质相关指标含量均有所降低。因此,综合果实大小、单果重、糖酸比、VC这些品质指标,杨梅设施延迟栽培的果实品质比露地栽培好,‘东魁’在花后90d左右采摘、‘荸荠种’在花后85d左右采摘为宜。     

香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对马立克氏病强毒感染雏鸡白细胞介素2活性和淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响

１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡以马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染后,马立克氏病（ＭＤ）发病率３３．７５％,死亡率１１．２５％。同健康雏鸡相比,ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应降低（Ｐ＞０．０５）和显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡注射香菇多糖和黄芪多糖,ＭＤ发病率分别为２０％、１７．５％,死亡率分别为７．５％、５％。同感染组相比,感染／香菇组和感染／黄芪组的ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应均升高（Ｐ＞０．０５）和显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

中药黄芪在家禽生产中的应用研究

文章概述了中药免疫增强剂黄芪在家禽生产中的应用现状,并对其作用机制进行阐述,为进一步深入研究指明方向。     

不同叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长、产草量和品质的影响及效益比较

喷施叶面肥是提高苜蓿产草量和品质的有效措施之一。为探明不同叶面肥成分对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）生长、产草量和品质的影响,并筛选紫花苜蓿优质高产的叶面施肥方案,本试验以生长第2年的‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.‘Dongnong No.1’）为材料,在春季返青期一次性土壤施肥基础上,于刈割前20天分别喷施苜蓿专用叶面肥（自主研制,专利申请号：201810124670.2）、0.3%尿素、0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾、0.3%尿素+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵、0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵,0.3%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾+0.1%硫酸亚铁+0.05%钼酸铵这7种叶面肥（分别简称叶面肥A,B,C,D,E,F,G）,以喷施清水为对照,每年刈割3茬,观测不同叶面肥对‘东农1号’紫花苜蓿高度、茎叶比、产草量和营养品质的影响,并进行经济效益比较分析。结果表明：喷施叶面肥均可显著提高紫花苜蓿垂直高度、产草量和粗蛋白含量;其中叶面肥G处理下,全年总干草产量达14 595.81 kg·hm^-2,比对照提高17.70%;平均粗蛋白含量为25.43%,比对照提高3.12%。叶面肥A处理纯增经济效益和产投比分别达2 414.57元·hm^-2和2.63,是叶面肥G处理的2.65倍和8.77倍。经过综合比较分析,在寒地黑土农区喷施紫花苜蓿专用叶面肥（A处理）相对投入较少,产出较多,综合效益最高。     

‘玉露香梨’果实发育中细胞壁组分和水解酶活性的变化

为揭示‘玉露香梨’果实发育期质地变化机理。探寻‘玉露香梨’果实细胞壁在果实生长过程中各组分的变化趋势,为梨果实品质调控提供科学依据。通过检测果实发育期细胞壁含量、细胞壁组成物质含量、果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。‘玉露香梨’成熟时细胞壁含量仅为原含量的1/9;细胞壁水溶性果胶和离子型果胶含量呈现上升趋势,而共价结合型果胶含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势;纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势; ‘玉露香梨’生长发育期内果胶酶活性呈现上升趋势,成熟期活性上升了3.8倍多,纤维素酶活性在‘玉露香梨’发育期,呈现上升趋势。随着‘玉露香梨’果实的生长发育,细胞壁含量及组分在细胞壁水解酶的作用下,随之发生了变化。     

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT,ANTIVIRAL STUDIES,FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT NK0238

• Developed a two-step synthetic route to anti-plant-virus candidate NK0238. • NK0238 exhibited a broad antivirus spectrum in greenhouse. • NK0238 showed comparable antivirus activities as controls in field trials. • NK0238 was safe to birds, fish, bees and silkworms. • NK0238 has a very good prospect in commercial development. It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.     

美国畜禽屠宰检疫制度介绍

国务院调整畜禽屠宰管理职能后,畜禽屠宰行业由农业部负责管理,生猪屠宰检疫管理制度亟待进一步完善。本文介绍了美国畜禽屠宰检疫的法律依据、管理体制、检疫人员、检疫的内容和程序,以及检疫出证等内容,希望可以为我国屠宰检疫制度建设提供参考。     

酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪肠道挥发性脂肪酸和微生物菌群的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪肠道挥发性脂肪酸和微生物菌群的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计方法,选取180头遗传背景一致、健康状况良好、胎次和体重接近的21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4个组试验猪分别饲喂对照饲粮(未添加酵母壁多糖)、0.15%酵母壁多糖饲粮、0.30%酵母壁多糖饲粮和0.45%酵母壁多糖饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了仔猪结肠乙酸的含量(P0.05);其中,0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖还显著提高了结肠丙酸、丁酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸的含量(P0.05),且二者之间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著降低了盲肠沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌数量(P0.05),且0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖可提高仔猪肠道挥发性脂肪酸含量,并改善肠道微生物菌群结构,根据回归方程预测,酵母壁多糖在仔猪饲粮中的适宜添加水平为0.31%~0.40%。