北冬虫夏草中虫草素的微波辅助提取

利用微波辅助萃取法提取了北冬虫夏草中的虫草素,考查了水、甲醇、乙醇3种溶剂,固液比,萃取温度,萃取时间对虫草素提取率的影响。结果表明:最佳提取条件为,以水为提取溶剂,温度70℃,固液比1∶20,提取时间15min,微波功率400W,并采用HPLC测定了提取液中的虫草素质量分数。     

热应激对小鼠精液品质的影响及其在全球变暖背景下的生态意义

为了研究全球变暖和局部极端高温气候对雄性小型啮齿类动物繁殖能力的影响,建立小鼠热应激模型,设立5个温度组28、31、34、37和40℃,其中28℃组为对照组。在14d内分别在第1天—第3天、第5天、第7在、第10天和第14天检测小鼠的精子活力、精子顶体完整率、精子畸形率。结果显示,温度越高,精液质量下降越快;温度在较温和的范围内变动时,精液质量随温度的升高而呈现下降的趋势,但经过一段时间的适应,有所回升;在极端温度(40℃)胁迫下,小鼠的精液质量持续下降而不能得到恢复。这说明,高温影响下,雄鼠的繁殖能力存在适应性生理调节过程,但影响是相当明显的,至少在短期内不能恢复到原来水平。由此可以推断,自然界中,较长的精液品质下降期和恢复期可能打破了与雌鼠发情周期的同步化(如果高温对雌鼠影响不大),在自然界中可能对雌鼠的受孕率产生明显影响。此外,即使雌鼠能在雄鼠精液品质恢复期之前受孕,精子损伤也会明显降低受孕率,还可能产生活力低下、畸形或存在其他生理缺陷的后代,进而影响成活率。     

乙酰羟酸合酶抑制剂类除草剂的植物抗性机制

乙酰羟酸合酶(AHAS)抑制剂类除草剂已被广泛用于农业生产,然而使用过程中可能对部分敏感农作物产生药害,因此创制对不同类别除草剂具有抗性的一系列作物新品种至关重要。本文将从AHAS抑制剂类除草剂的类别与特点、AHAS靶酶的特性及其在支链氨基酸合成中的作用、除草剂的靶标抗性与非靶标抗性机制等方面分析国内外研究现状与未来发展动态,以期为农作物除草剂抗性性状的遗传改良和开发应用提供参考。     

砂培条件下不同缺Zn敏感型玉米对施锌的反应

【目的】研究不同缺Zn敏感型玉米(Zea maysL.)对缺Zn的敏感程度和耐性。【方法】以缺Zn敏感型玉米品种陕单902、陕单911、农大60、中单2号、户单2000和非敏感型玉米品种新陕资1号、郑单958、陕单8813、高农1号、户单4号为供试材料,在温室中进行不同供Zn水平(设无Zn、低Zn、适量供Zn和足量供Zn 4个处理,分别施0,0.5,1.5,3.0 mg/kg ZnSO4.7H2O)下玉米幼苗的砂培试验,研究供Zn量对玉米生长、生物量以及各部位Zn含量和吸收量的影响。【结果】不同缺Zn敏感型玉米对施Zn的反应有较大差异,缺Zn敏感型玉米对低Zn的敏感性明显高于非敏感型玉米。敏感型玉米品种幼苗较非敏感型的根冠比大;供Zn会降低玉米幼苗的根冠比,而促进地上部生长。缺Zn非敏感型玉米在低Zn条件下会受到较为严重的伤害,这种伤害比无Zn所造成的伤害更为严重。施Zn量为0.5 mg/kg时,玉米幼苗吸收的Zn绝大部分被累积在根中;施Zn量增加至1.5 mg/kg时,玉米幼苗Zn含量较无Zn处理普遍提高,缺Zn敏感型玉米根、茎、叶的Zn含量分别提高了20.5%,53.6%和18.5%,而非敏感型玉米分别提高了5.5%,83.4%和60.7%。【结论】缺Zn非敏感型玉米根系吸收的Zn更多地被转移至地上部,使地上部含Zn量的增幅显著大于敏感型玉米。不同缺Zn敏感型玉米在缺Zn条件下不仅生长和Zn营养的分布情况截然不同,而且在供Zn后对Zn的吸收也存在差异。     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

微波辐射预处理高粱秸秆对酶水解的影响

以100目高粱秸秆为原料,采用微波辐射为预处理手段,通过测定微波辐射预处理以及微波辐射联合酸和碱预处理方式中高粱秸秆酶水解的还原糖含量,研究不同预处理条件对酶水解的影响.结果表明,单一采用微波辐射预处理对高粱秸秆的酶水解促进作用不大,微波在中低火功率处理条件下对酶水解有较大的促进作用.微波联合碱处理要比微波联合酸预处理对高粱秸秆酶水解的促进作用较大,微波联合碱预处理酶水解在NaOH含量为3%,微波辐射时间为9 min时,得到了还原糖含量为34 42 g·L-1.     

硫酸化多糖复方对鸡脾脏和外周血淋巴细胞增殖的影响

筛选出具有增强鸡淋巴细胞增殖作用的硫酸化多糖复方。以前期筛选出的硫酸化黄芪多糖sAPS60、硫酸化淫羊藿多糖sEPS5和硫酸化香菇多糖sLNT2组成4个复方sPSP1、sPSP2、sPSP3和sPSP4,测定它们对鸡脾淋巴细胞的安全浓度后,取安全浓度范围内的各复方分别单独或与植物血凝素(PHA)、细菌脂多糖(LPS)或伴刀豆素球蛋白(ConA)加入到培养的鸡脾脏或外周血淋巴细胞的培养体系中,培养48 h后,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定淋巴细胞增殖的变化。4种硫酸化多糖复方可以单独或协同PHA、LPS显著刺激鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖、协同ConA显著刺激外周血淋巴细胞,且有一定的浓度依赖关系,综合评价以sPSP1、sPSP2的作用最强。     

片烟结构稳定性的综合评价

通过灰色关联聚类分析、层次分析、变异分析等统计方法,对2009年10家打叶复烤厂225份样品片烟结构的稳定性进行评价。结果表明:(1)应用灰色关联聚类分析得出片烟结构的核心指标是:中片率、小片率、叶中含梗率、12.7 mm片率;(2)通过层次分析确定中片率、小片率、叶中含梗率、12.7 mm片率的权重依次为:0.25、0.15、0.10、0.50;(3)结合变异分析对片烟结构的稳定性进行了综合评价,结果表明本方法用于片烟结构稳定性评价是有效的。     

玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂和松毛虫赤眼蜂种间竞争的影响

室内观察了松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的寄生行为,以及两种赤眼蜂在单独和竞争情况下的寄生及其子代蜂受寄主卵龄的影响。结果发现:松毛虫赤眼蜂完成1次寄生所需时间显著短于玉米螟赤眼蜂,而产卵次数占总寄生次数的比例(40.16%)显著低于玉米螟赤眼蜂(66.26%)。单独寄生时,玉米螟卵龄对玉米螟赤眼蜂的子代雌蜂数和子代蜂存活无显著影响,但对松毛虫赤眼蜂具有显著影响,且死亡蜂数量随卵龄增大而增多。在竞争情况下,两种赤眼蜂子代总雌蜂数均增加;寄生6h和36h玉米螟卵产出的子代蜂显著小于单独寄生时的子代蜂;寄生12h卵的子代蜂死亡数(21头)显著高于寄生其他龄期的卵,但在其他卵龄间无显著差异。     

景东烟区生态因素与烤烟质量特点分析

为了探讨景东烟区生态因素与烤烟质量之间的关系,主要对云南景东烟区的植烟气候因素、土壤养分状况以及所产烤烟的质量特点进行了分析。结果表明:景东烟区具有无霜期长,大田期气温适宜,光照充足,降雨充沛,雨热同步等特点;植烟土壤pH值适宜,有机质含量较丰富,具有较强的保肥能力,土壤碱解氮含量高,速效磷、钾含量适中;交换镁含量较高,速效锌、硼含量缺乏。烤烟外观质量较好,香气量较足、香气质较好,燃烧性强,但在化学成分间的协调性方面不及津巴布韦烤烟。