小肽的功能及其在仔猪生产中的应用

小肽是蛋白质在猪消化道内降解的一种中间产物,具有重要的作用。本文就小肽的分类和吸收机制、小肽的功能及在仔猪生产中的应用作一综述,并提出了未来相关的研究方向。     

Distribution and characterization of class 1 integrons in Salmonella enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum

Fowl typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Gallinarum biotype Gallinarum is the most important chicken disease in Korea. Due to appearance of new or multiple antibiotics resistances in the recently isolated strains, it was difficult to control the disease using antibiotics in our country. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic contents of class 1 integrons in biotype Gallinarum isolated between 1992 and 2001 were investigated by PCR and direct sequencing, respectively. Out of 90 strains, 35 (39%) carried class 1 integrons. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0kbp amplicons were amplified in 32 strains (36%), 2 strains (2%) and 1 strain (1%), respectively. The 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 kbp amplicons contained one (aadA1a), two (aadB-aadA1b) and three cassettes (dhfrXII-orfF-aadA2), respectively, providing resistances against aminoglycosides (aadA1a, aadA1b, aadB, and aadA2) and trimethoprim (dhfrXII). The integron-carrying strains of biotype Gallinarum appeared in 1996 and acquired additional cassettes in 2000. Although the resistances to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol are unrelated to class 1 integrons, relatively high prevalence of integron in biotype Gallinarum may be a dormant threat to the chemotherapy of the disease in the near future because of potency to acquire additional antibiotics resistances.     

SMD残留检测的ELISA方法的建立和初步应用

用戊二醛法将SMD与载体蛋白BSA偶联 ,制备合成抗原SMD BSA作免疫原 ,同法合成包被抗原SMD OVA ,免疫健康家兔获得抗血清。分别用双向琼脂扩散试验和ELISA试验对抗血清进行定性定量测定 ,结果表明所获抗血清特异性针对SMD。用所制备的抗血清建立间接竞争ELISA方法。优化了ELISA的工作条件 ,方阵测定确定了包被抗原最佳浓度 (50 μg/mL) ,抗血清最佳稀释度 (1∶1 0 0 ) ,酶标抗体的最适工作稀释度 (1∶50 0 ) ,并建立了ELISA标准工作曲线。工作曲线表明在 1 0～ 2 0 0 0 μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系。该法检测底限为 63μg/L,低于国际规定残留限量 (1 0 0 μg/kg)和国内规定残留限量 (30 0 μg/kg)的要求。本法同时测定了回收率以及实际样品血清中的SMD的残留含量     

Dot-ELISA检测猪胴体中沙门氏菌的研究

应用Dot-ELISA法对西宁某猪屠宰点 85份猪胴体进行了沙门氏菌的检测 ,同时采用常规分离培养鉴定技术作对照实验。结果在 85份肉样中 ,Dot-ELISA检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 5份 ,阳性率为 76 .4 7% (6 5 /85 ) ;而常规分离培养鉴定技术检出沙门氏菌阳性 6 7份 ,阳性率为 78.82 % (6 7/85 ) ,此两种方法的阳性符合率为 86 .5 7%。经统计分析 ,两种方法差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

Genotypic prevalence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence in Escherichia coli isolates in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea in Korea

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1), and Shiga toxin 2 oedema disease (Stx2e) genes. Twenty-three (2.3%) of the 1002 E. coli isolates carried the gene for AIDA. Among 23 isolates shown to carry genes for AIDA, three carried the AIDA gene as the only shown virulence factor. Other isolates carried other virulence factor genes in addition to AIDA. Four isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins and enterotoxins. Sixteen isolates carried genes for enterotoxins only. The AIDA may represent an additional virulence determinant in pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea.     

Functional analysis and induction of four novel goose (Anser cygnoides) avian β-defensins in response to salmonella enteritidis infection

In the current study, four novel avian β-defensins (AvBDs) (AvBD2, 5, 9, and 10) were identified in tissues from the Chinese goose (Anser cygnoides). The antibacterial activity of the AvBDs showed that all of these AvBDs exhibited antibacterial activity against most of the bacteria investigated (P<0.01). In addition, antibacterial activity of all of the AvBDs against Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella multocida decreased significantly or was completely abolished at 150mM NaCl (P<0.01). None of the AvBDs showed hemolytic activity. AvBD2 and AvBD10 were expressed widely, whereas AvBD5 and AvBD9 mRNAs were expressed in a limited number of geese tissues. AvBD9 was significantly induced in some immune tissues from geese after Salmonella enteritidis infection. The others were significantly upregulated in small intestine and some immune tissues of the geese (P<0.01). The present results suggest that the AvBDs are part of the host defense mechanism of the goose.     

二氢杨梅素对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及血液生化指标的影响

1日龄AA肉公雏300只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%和0.25%的二氢杨梅素(DMY),研究DMY对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及血液常规理化指标等影响。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同剂量的DMY对肉仔鸡日增重有提高的趋势,0.05%的DMY显著提高肉仔鸡饲料转化率(P<0.01);试验期间,各组试验鸡生长发育正常,各组织器官未见异常。2)0.05%DMY显著提高21d肉仔鸡法氏囊指数(P<0.05);3)0.25%DMY组显著降低21d肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量,对球蛋白无显著影响;4)0.025%、0.05%DMY显著降低21d肉鸡血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性(P<0.05,P<0.01),0.025%～0.1%剂量的DMY能显著降低42d肉鸡血清GOT活性(P<0.05);5)各剂量的DMY对21、42d肉鸡血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)无显著影响。     

柠檬酸对三黄土鸡早期生产性能的影响

用海大香特1号三黄土鸡雏鸡进行饲养试验，对添加0．3％、0．5％、0．7％柠檬酸饲养的试验组和不添加柠檬酸饲养的对照组进行体增重、采食量、料肉比等生产性能的比较，试验结果表明：添加0．3％柠檬酸试验组的三黄土鸡早期体增重，显著高于对照组，同时也高于添加0．5％、0．7％柠檬酸的试验组；添加0．3％柠檬酸试验组的料重比、成活率也优于其他试验组。     

Endometrial response to conceptus-derived estrogen and interleukin-1β at the time of implantation in pigs

The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines,interleukin-1β2(IL1 B2), interferon-γ(IFNG), and IFN-δ(IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin(PG) F2αfrom the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes,including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1 B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1 B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1 B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1 B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1 B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules,suggesting that estrogen and IL1 B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1 B during early pregnancy in pigs.     

苜蓿萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选

为探明苜蓿（Medicago L.）萌发期耐盐性评价方法并筛选耐盐种质,采用加权隶属函数法对120个苜蓿种质进行综合评价并划分为不同的耐盐级别。试验以150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以发芽势等13个性状来鉴定苜蓿对盐胁迫的反应,以耐盐系数为评价依据。结果表明：150 mmol·L^-1的盐溶液对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用,发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数比幼苗生长受抑制的程度更大;盐胁迫对根的抑制程度大于苗。相关分析表明,加权隶属函数法可以综合评价苜蓿萌发期耐盐性。根据加权隶属函数值和聚类分析,可将120个种质分为耐盐性不同的5个级别：11个种质高耐盐（1级）、24个种质耐盐（2级）、38个种质中等（3级）、36个种质敏盐（4级）、11个种质高敏盐（5级）。