蛋白原料发酵后营养价值评定研究

本试验把蛋白原料膨化豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕经过啤酒酵母菌、凝结芽孢杆菌以及德氏乳酸杆菌发酵处理后,得到相应的发酵蛋白原料产品指标符合国家饲料卫生标准,小肽含量及其他营养成分得到改善,抗营养因子含量基本消除和降低,显著提高了酵母菌、乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌和总菌数,大大提高了蛋白原料的附加值,为节约蛋白饲料,有效提高蛋白原料的综合利用价值开辟了一条新的途径.     

Antiviral Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan to Swine Influenza Virus by Increased Production of Interferon‐γ and Nitric Oxide

The aim of these experiments was to investigate the potential antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan on the pneumonia induced by swine influenza virus (SIV). Forty colostrum‐deprived 5‐day‐old piglets were randomly divided into four groups of 10. The 20 pigs in groups 1 and 2 were administered Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan orally (50 mg/day/pig; En‐Bio Technology Co., Ltd) for 3 days before SIV infection and those in groups 3 and 4 were given culture medium/diluent alone. Groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 ml of tissue culture fluid containing 2 × 10⁶ tissue culture infective doses 50% (TCID₅₀)/ml of SIV and those in groups 2 and 4 were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. The microscopic lung lesions induced by SIV infection (group 1 pigs) were significantly more severe than those induced by infection in animals pre‐administered β‐glucan (group 3) (P < 0.05). Significantly more SIV nucleic acid was detected in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with SIV only (group 1) at 5, 7 and 10 days post‐inoculation (dpi) compared with lungs from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and nitric oxide (NO) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pigs pre‐administered β‐glucan and infected with SIV (group 3) were significantly higher than for any other group at 7 and 10 dpi for IFN‐γ, and at 5, 7 and 10 dpi for NO (P < 0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiaeβ‐glucan reduced the pulmonary lesion score and viral replication rate in SIV‐infected pigs. These findings support the potential application of β‐glucan as prophylactic/treatment agent in influenza virus infection.     

一年生混播草地生物量和品质以及种间竞争的动态研究

研究单播和混播燕麦和箭Ｋｕｏ豌豆草地生物量、品质及种间竞争动态。结果表明,生育期间除蜡熟期、成熟期外、单播燕麦产草量均高于其它处理。燕麦５０％＋箭Ｋｕｏ豌豆５０％混播处理在蜡熟期、成熟期产草量最高。从开花期开始,各处理单位面积粗蛋白质产量均显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）高于单播燕麦,而中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）、酸性洗涤纤维（ＡＤＦ）含量均低于单播燕麦。燕麦蜡熟期和简明Ｋｕｏ豌豆结荚期是饲草最佳刈割期。以燕麦２     

施氮与株丛切割对退化新麦草草地的改良效果

本文研究了施氮肥和株丛切割对退化新麦草人草地生产性能的影响,结果表明,施氮肥和株丛切割提高了新麦草草地生产性能和生产力。此外,施氮肥可改善牧草品质及土壤牮氮能力。株丛切割和施氮肥（１２０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２）相结合与单施氮肥相比,成本较低,对退化新麦草草地的改良效果良好,年均产草量２６７９．５ｋｇＤＭ／ｈｍ＾２。     

以放牧率梯度研究内蒙古典型草原主要植物种群的生态位

对内蒙古典型草原主要植物种群在不同放牧强度下生态位分化规律进行研究。结果表明,羊草,克氏针茅的生态位,宽度相对较窄,分别为０．２９８和０．５６５,表明对放牧较敏感,属宜轻牧植物。蓿豆,冰草和菊叶委陵菜的生态位宽度适中,属宜中牧植物。而糙隐子草,冷蒿,星毛委陵菜,雨草苔,木地肤和变蒿等耐牧性较强,具有很宽的生态位宽度分别为０．９７８,０．９６９,０．９３１,０．９７０,０．９３８,０．９２４,具有很     

桑椹浆瘿蚊的生物学特性及防治技术研究

桑椹浆瘿蚊（ContariniamorulaeJiangnomennudum）是新发现的一种桑树害虫。在陕西关中地区年发生1代，以幼虫寄生于雌花子房内为害，5月中旬幼虫老熟后弹跳入土结茧越夏越冬。采用蛹期或幼虫入土期地面薄膜覆盖；或蛹期每公顷用40％甲基异柳磷乳油6kg或50％甲基对硫磷6.6kg拌适量干细土撒施于桑园土壤，有较好的防治效果。     

返青期休牧对祁连山区中度退化草原化草甸草地的影响

为解决祁连山区高寒草地牧草返青期季节性超载过牧问题,自2015年5月至7月起连续两年在青海省祁连县默勒镇瓦日尕村的冬春放牧地上进行了为期60d的返青期休牧试验,休牧期间放牧家畜全部采用舍饲圈养,并于2016年8月中旬对休牧草地进行植被调查。结果表明,返青期休牧可使草地群落的总盖度、总植物量显著增加(P0.05),使禾本科牧草株高、分盖度和植物量显著增加(P0.05),对莎草科植物影响不显著(P0.05);阔叶型毒杂草的株高、盖度、生物量均有下降的趋势。休牧两年与休牧一年相比,群落中禾本科植物的株高、盖度、植物量均在继续增加,阔叶型毒杂草的各项指标继续下降。结果证明,返青期休牧可有效促进祁连山区草原化草甸退化草地的植被恢复,并大幅度提高草地生产力。     

Effects of autogenous toxoid-bacterin in lactating cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis

To evaluate clinical effects of autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment for Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows, 22 cows which had at least one S. aureus infected quarter were selected from among cows at a S. aureus prevalent dairy farm. Eleven cows were injected with their own autogenous toxoid-bacterin and the others were maintained as non-injected control. In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, 27% of infected quarters were cured during the 12-week trial, compared to 5% in the control group. New intramammary infections with S. aureus were only detected in 3 quarters of the control group. Mean IgG antibody titer against S. aureus somatic antigens and alpha-toxin in serum and milk were significantly increased in the toxoid-bacterin injected group (p<0.05) and remained higher than those of the control group which showed no significant changes (p<0.05). In contrast to the control group, from 3 weeks after the second injection of the toxoid-bacterin injected group, mean S. aureus cfu/ml in milk samples from injected quarters with S. aureus was significantly decreased until the end of the study (p<0.05). In the toxoid-bacterin injected group, significant decreases of mean SCC were detected from milk samples from infected quarters with S. aureus from week 7 to week 10 (p<0.05). These data show that autogenous toxoid-bacterin treatment against S. aureus subclinical mastitis in lactating cows may increase the cure rate of the infections, reduce the severity of the infections and also prevent occurrence of the new infections.     

肉种鸽繁殖性能低下的原因与对策

在进行肉鸽强制配对过程中，由于饲养人员缺乏基本的雌雄鉴别方法，将两只雄鸽配在一起，配对后长时间不见产蛋。这种情况在种鸽初次配对时出现较多。种鸽配对后要做好产蛋记录，一般配对后7～10天就会产蛋，如超过1月仍未见产蛋，要进行重新鉴定性别，重新配对。肉鸽性成熟后雌雄鉴别并不困难，主要通过性行为表现和耻骨特征来进行区分。雄鸽进入发情期后发情明显，追逐雌鸽，发出“咕咕”的叫声，并向雌鸽频频点头示爱。触摸耻骨厚硬，两耻骨间距窄或闭合，耻骨到胸骨末端距离窄，表明腹部容积很小。雌鸽发情不明显，受到雄鸽追逐，无叫声，到处躲藏，耻骨薄软，两耻骨间距宽，