闽南-台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类食性的研究

本文对闽南一台湾浅滩渔场狗母鱼类(多齿蛇鲻、花斑蛇鲻和大头狗母鱼)的食料生物组成、摄食强度的季节变化以及消化器官与食性等方面进行了探讨。结果表明，这三种狗母鱼类都属于游泳动物食性的底层鱼类，而且是同种残食的中级肉食性鱼类，其食料生物组成比较简单，主要摄食鱼类和头足类，还兼食长尾类、短尾类和口足类。被捕食对象的大小，随着捕食对象(多齿蛇鲻或花斑蛇鲻)叉长的增加而增大。狗母鱼类周年均有摄食，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻在产卵盛期(3—4月)摄食强度较高。它们的消化器官的形态结构与其肉食性相适应，多齿蛇鲻和花斑蛇鲻的消化器官和食性相近似，比大头狗母鱼的食性较凶猛。     

Competition of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) for binding to shrimp cellular membrane

Infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are two widespread shrimp viruses. The interference of IHHNV on WSSV was the first reported case of viral interference that involved crustacean viruses and has been subsequently confirmed. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of WSSV resistance through IHHNV infection are practically unknown. In this study, the interference mechanisms between IHHNV and WSSV were studied using a competitive ELISA. The binding of WSSV and IHHNV to cellular membrane of Litopenaeus vannamei was examined. The results suggested that there existed a mutual competition between IHHNV and WSSV for binding to receptors present on cellular membrane of L. vannamei and that the inhibitory effects of WSSV towards IHHNV were more distinct than those of IHHNV towards WSSV.     

脊尾白虾形态性状对体重的相关性及通径分析

随机选取莱州湾、海洲湾和象山湾3个采样地点各75只共计225只脊尾白虾对其11项形态性状进行测量.采用相关分析和通径分析的方法,计算以形态性状为自变量对体重做依变量的相关系数、通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,定量的分析形态性状对体重的影响效果.结果表明,脊尾白虾的10个形态性状与体重的相关系数达到极显著水平(P＜0.01).全长、体长、头胸甲长、尾节长、头胸甲高、头胸甲宽、腹节1宽对体重的通经系数达到了显著水平,是直接影响体重的重要指标.所选形态性状与体重的复相关指数为R2 =0.931,则表明其为影响体重的主要自变量指标;多元回归分析建立全长X1、体长X2、头胸甲长X3、尾节长X5、头胸甲高X6、头胸甲宽X7、腹节1宽X9对体重Y的回归方程∶Y=0.007X1+0.043X2+0.044X3+0.044X5+0.073X6+0.111X7+0.057X9-3.838.     

Physiological metabolism of Haliotis discus hannai Ino under different light qualities and cycles

The goal of this experiment was to examine the effects of different light qualities (red, white, blue) and cycles (12L:12D, 8L:16D, 4L:20D, 0L:24D, 16L:8D) on the survival, growth, metabolism and antioxidant defence system of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Under red and white light at 4L:20D, the body weight‐specific growth rate of abalones was significantly higher than that of the 0L:24D group (P < 0.05). At 16L:8D, succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased and lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity and the lactic acid content significantly rose (P < 0.05) in the red and white light groups. Under blue light, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content for each light cycle were significantly higher than those of the red and white groups (P < 0.05). Under blue, white and red light, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GP_X) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content gradually rose with increased duration of light exposure. Under red light, significant differences in these parameters were detected between the 4L:20D and 16L:8D groups (P < 0.05). Under blue and white light at 16L:8D, values of T‐AOC, SOD, GP_X activity and GSH content were significantly lower than those of the 12L:12D group (P < 0.05). Overall, these results indicate that red light at light cycles of 4L:20D and 8L:16D is optimal for the culture and production of H. discus hannai, as these conditions promoted food intake, growth and health maintenance as well as normal physiological metabolism of the organism.     

Can fermented soybean meal and squid by‐product blend be used as fishmeal replacements for Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)?

An experiment was carried out to evaluate fermented soybean meal and squid by‐product blend (1:1) (FP) as replacement of fishmeal (FM) for Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Five isocaloric (19 kJ g^?1) diets were prepared by replacing 0 (FP0), 12 (FP12), 24 (FP24), 36 (FP36) and 48% (FP48) FM protein with FP. Triplicate groups of juveniles (mean weight of 3.9 g) were delivered the test diets for 8 weeks in a flow‐through sea water system. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the growth rates of fish fed FP0, FP12, FP24 and FP36 diets. Growth and nutrient utilization parameters were significantly reduced in fish fed FP48 diet. Although, whole body proximate composition of fish were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments compared to the control; methionine and phenylalanine contents were significantly decreased in FP48 group. Protein retention was also significantly decreased in the similar group of fish. Dietary treatments did not alter most of the plasma metabolites, while some of the health parameters were improved in the replacement groups. Results suggested that FP is a potential candidate for alternative protein ingredient in aquafeed and can replace 36% FM protein in the diet of Japanese flounder.     

三疣梭子蟹分子生物学研究进展

三疣梭子蟹作为重要的海洋经济动物,在基础生物学方面有较为全面的研究和总结,但在分子生物学方面的研究还处于起步阶段,相关研究主要集中在同工酶谱分析、RAPD分子标记研究和线粒体基因组序列分析等方面.本文对三疣梭子蟹分子生物学,尤其是分子标记技术的应用研究取得的进展情况进行了阐述,探讨了三疣梭子蟹的研究发展方向,为今后更为系统地研究三疣梭子蟹提供理论依据.     

加州鲈迟缓爱德华氏菌病的检测和防治

以江苏省吴江市八坼镇区域养殖场加州鲈鱼病鱼的细菌性病原体为研究对象。通过分离纯化,形态学观察,结合16S rRNA基因序列同源性检索,对该病原菌进行初步判断。同时进行药敏实验,了解该病原菌对各种抗生素的耐药性和敏感程度。研究结果:分离纯化得到2株纯菌株L2F和L2P2,革兰染色均呈红色,阴性杆状菌。16S rDNA序列分析,L2F和L2P2菌株与迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)的同源性达99%。初步判断该菌为迟缓爱德华氏菌。药敏实验结果,该菌对磺胺异恶唑、链霉素和利福平等药物不敏感或耐药,对左氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、强力霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮相对敏感。     

Effects of dietary live or heat‐inactivated autochthonous Bacillus pumilus SE5 on growth performance,immune responses and immune gene expression in grouper Epinephelus coioides

To evaluate the possible dietary application of live and heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5 in grouper Epinephelus coioides, juveniles (14.6 ± 0.2 g) were fed either a basal control diet (without probiotic) or the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g^?1 live (T1) and heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 (T2). The heat‐inactivated probiotic significantly improved the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) at day 60 and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 30 and 60, while the viable probiotic significantly decreased the FCR at day 60 (P < 0.05). Phagocytic activity, serum complement C3 and IgM levels as well as SOD activity elevated significantly in fish fed the heat‐inactivated probiotic for 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the heat‐inactivated probiotic remarkably up‐regulated expression of TLR2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐1β) in head kidney (P < 0.05), but the viable probiotic failed to do so. These results indicated that heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 can effectively improve the growth performance and immune responses of E. coioides.     

大黄鱼22个微卫星标记在F1家系中的分离方式及与生长性状的相关分析

研究了1个大黄鱼F1家系150个个体22个微卫星位点的基因型分布,并分析了标记位点与生长性状的相关性。结果显示,22个位点共检测到60个等位基因,平均等位基因数为2.73,平均有效等位基因数为2.37;平均观测杂合度与期望杂合度分别为0.75和0.73,部分位点基因型分布严重偏离孟德尔定律,暗示其可能与适应性基因相连锁,其中LYC0446位点附近可能存在隐性纯合致死基因。LYC0077位点与体质量、体长和体高均呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中等位基因A(165 bp)对应的生长性状表型值最大,可以作为选育快长性状的有效分子标记;LYC0015和LYC0243与体高呈显著相关(P<0.05),与体长、体质量的相关不显著(P>0.05),LYC0015位点的等位基因C(110 bp)和LYC0243位点的等位基因A(160 bp)为有利的等位基因。对LYC0015、LYC0077和LYC0243进行不同基因型个体表型值的多重比较,找到3种对生长性状有利的基因型,分别为BC、AA和AB。同时,以体质量性状为参照,对3个位点不同基因型组合进行比较,找到一个最优基因型组合(BC/AA/AB),与3个位点单独分析对应的最优基因型完全一致,符合加性作用模型。     

哲罗鲑与细鳞鲑属间远缘杂交的初步研究

通过性激素药物诱导和全人工繁育技术对野生哲罗鲑(Hueho taimen)与细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok)进行远缘杂交.结果表明,哲罗鲑(♀)×细鳞鲑(♂)(HB,正交实验组)杂交的受精率、发眼率、孵化率和仔鱼上浮率与其双亲自群繁育效果无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而且在胚后的不同发育时期HB杂交子代的死亡率和畸形率均低于哲罗鲑自繁(HH)和细鳞鲑自繁(BB)对照组.在内源性营养时期(卵黄囊吸收早期),HB、HH和BB的仔鱼体质量分别呈负增长、正增长、零增长趋势变化;在混合营养时期(开口-转口时期),HB和BB组鱼体质量呈正增长趋势变化,HH组体质量呈负增长趋势变化;在外源性营养时期(驯化时期),HB、HH和BB的鱼体质量均呈正增长趋势变化;无论在哪个时期实验组和对照组的体长均呈正增长趋势变化.细鳞鲑(♀)×哲罗鲑(♂)(BH,反交实验组)的杂交经过2年多批次实验均未得到成活杂交子代,但在胚胎发育阶段BH的杂交受精率、发眼率均显著高于双亲(BB、HH)自繁对照组(P＜0.05),但其孵化率显著低于双亲对照组(P＜0.05),BH杂交子代在破膜后1～2 h内即死亡,刚破膜的仔鱼尾干中后段至尾鳍部分盘绕于卵黄囊表面不能伸展,且所有破膜仔鱼的尾干中后段均存在充血点,本研究认为,这种反交[细鳞鲑(♀)×哲罗鲑(♂)]子代不能成活的原因可能是由远缘杂交受精卵核质不相容所导致.