饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肉品质以及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。试验选取8周龄北京油鸡公鸡1 200只,体重(561.75±7.39) g,随机分成2个组,对照组为集约化笼养(笼养组),试验组为林下放养(放养组),每组6个重复,每个重复100只鸡。试验分为9～14周龄和15～20周龄2个阶段,试验期间饲喂相同饲粮。结果表明:1) 14周龄,笼养组北京油鸡活体重与放养组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而20周龄,放养组油鸡活体重较笼养组显著下降(P<0.05); 2个饲养阶段放养组油鸡腿肌率较笼养组显著上升(P<0.05),腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),而胸肌率组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2) 20周龄,放养组胸肌和腿肌亮度(L*)和红度(a*)值显著高于笼养组(P<0.05); 2个饲养阶段放养组胸肌黄度(b*)值显著下降(P<0.05),而腿肌b*值组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3) 20周龄,放养组北京油鸡胸肌粗蛋白质含量较笼养组显著升高(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05); 2个饲养阶段放养组北京油鸡胸肌肌苷酸含量较笼养组显著上升(P<0.05),腿肌粗蛋白质和肌苷酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05);饲养方式对肌肉水分含量无显著影响(P> 0.05)。4)北京油鸡胸肌和腿肌中脂肪酸种类基本一致,棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量最高,放养组肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量显著高于笼养组(P<0.05),而饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量显著下降(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲养方式对北京油鸡生长和屠宰性能、肌内脂肪酸的组成和含量存在影响,林下放养方式可改善北京油鸡肌肉品质和肉质风味。     

高寒地区捆裹青贮燕麦饲草饲喂绵羊效果的试验研究

在高寒地区选择青海欧拉型藏羊在饲养管理完全相同且同等补饲精饲料［0.25 kg/（只·d）］的情况下,分组饲喂捆裹青贮燕麦饲草、全株玉米青贮饲草、燕麦青干草和小麦秸秆51 d。结果表明,捆裹青贮燕麦饲草（全干物质%）粗蛋白较全株玉米青贮饲草、燕麦青干草和小麦秸秆分别提高13.77%、94.23%和130.13%,粗纤维较全株玉米青贮饲草高52.35%,较燕麦青干草和小麦秸秆分别降低11.14%和26.73%;捆裹青贮燕麦饲草日均饲草采食量较燕麦青干草和小麦秸秆分别提高130.93%和199.58%,差异均极显著（P〈0.01）,较全株玉米青贮饲草提高4.28%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;饲喂捆裹青贮燕麦饲草日增重达197.35 g/（只·d）,较全株玉米青贮饲草提高10.85%,差异不显著（P〉0.05）,较燕麦青干草和小麦秸秆分别提高40.96%和101.71%,差异均极显著（P〈0.01）;捆裹青贮燕麦饲草日均盈利1.71元/（只·d）,较小麦秸秆、燕麦青干草和全株玉米青贮饲草分别多盈利1.17、0.96和0.50元/（只·d）,分别提高216.67%、128.00%和41.32%。捆裹青贮燕麦饲草饲喂绵羊经济效益明显,在高寒地区可进行大力推广应用。     

Physiology and quality response of harvested banana fruit to cold shock

Experiments were conducted to examine softening and quality responses of harvested banana fruit to cold shock treatment intended to extend shelf-life. Fruit were immersed in ice-water for 1 h, then treated with or without 100 μL L^?1 ethylene for 24 h at 24 °C, and finally stored at 20 °C. Fruit firmness, chlorophyll content, ethylene production, respiration rates, contents of pectin, starch and sugar, and the activities of the cell wall modifying enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME) and CMCase (cellulase, endo-1,4-β-glucanase) were analyzed. Total amylase activity was also measured. Immersion in ice-water for 1 h effectively inhibited ripening-associated processes, including peel de-greening and pulp softening during storage or ripening. The delay in ripening was also manifest in reduced ethylene production and respiration rates. The inhibition of softening by cold shock treatment was related to decreased PG and PME activities, that is, retardation of pectin solubilization/degradation. Reduced activities of CMCase and total amylase and conversion of starch to sugar by ice-water immersion also contributed to the delay in softening of harvested banana fruit.     

维基尼亚霉素对肉牛瘤胃乳酸杆菌数量和L-乳酸浓度的影响

本试验应用Real-time PCR和L-乳酸试剂盒分析了维吉尼亚霉素对瘤胃乳酸杆菌数量和L-乳酸浓度的影响.试验结果显示:试验组与对照组中乳酸杆菌数量和L-乳酸浓度差异不显著,但试验组乳酸杆菌数量和L-乳酸浓度明显低于对照组;这说明维吉尼亚霉素对乳酸杆菌数量和L-乳酸浓度具有一定程度的抑制作用.这种作用可能是通过维吉尼亚霉素抑制乳酸杆菌数量变化而间接地抑制L-乳酸浓度增加.     

青海东部农区小黑麦与豆科牧草的混播组合与混播比例

为筛选适宜青海省东部农区推广的小黑麦(?×?Triticosecale?Wittmack)与豆科牧草的混播组合及比例,采用裂区设计,研究了'甘农2号'小黑麦与两种豆科牧草['青建1号'饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)和毛苕子(Vicia villosa)]不同混播比例(0???100、20???80、30???70、40???60、50???50、60???40、70???30、80???20、100???0)的混播效应.结果表明:从混播组合看,'甘农2号'小黑麦与'青建1号'饲用豌豆混播的平均鲜草产量(41.80?t·hm–2)最高;从混播比例看,'甘农2号'小黑麦与豆科牧草50???50混播时平均鲜草产量(44.45?t·hm–2)最高,比小黑麦和豆科牧草单播平均分别提高了17.94％和17.53％;混播组合和混播比例间的交互作用表明,'甘农2号'小黑麦和'青建1号'饲用豌豆以40???60的比例混播时总鲜草产量(45.55?t·hm–2)最高,比小黑麦和饲用豌豆单播分别提高了20.09％和17.00％.相关分析表明,混播群体的鲜草产量与小黑麦株高呈显著正相关关系(P?相似文献   

影响生产小檗胺结晶因素的研究

通过研究影响小檗胺结晶与提取溶剂的关系、与萃取剂加入量的关系、与盐析的关系，阐明了提高小檗胺结晶的得率的方法。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展

日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)可以影响家禽脂质代谢,本文主要从PUFA的种类和来源及PUFA对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展作一综述.     

不同化学方法处理对凤凰水蜜桃采后生理与品质的影响

通过探讨化学方法对水蜜桃的保鲜效果及机理,进而寻找一种既有效又适合在广大果农中推广,而且符合食品安全的水蜜桃化学保鲜方法。以江苏省张家港市凤凰镇的凤凰水蜜桃(Prunus persica)为试验材料,研究分析了在冷藏条件(3±1)℃下,分别用质量分数为2%的氯化钙(CaCl2)、0.3g·L-1的水杨酸(SA)、0.5g·L-1的赤霉素(GA3)单一及复配处理浸泡凤凰水蜜桃15min的保鲜效果。结果表明:从整体保鲜效果上来说,复配处理的效果好于单一处理;2%CaCl2+0.3g·L-1SA处理在保持可溶性糖含量、降低细胞膜透性、抑制呼吸强度方面要好于其他处理;2%CaCl2单一处理在保持果实硬度、可溶性固形物和降低失重率方面要好于其他处理。2%CaCl2+0.3g·L-1SA处理的水蜜桃保鲜效果最佳,有效的抑制了果实冷害和褐变的发生,保持了水蜜桃的果实品质;而由于CaCl2成本较低,且方便获得,符合食品安全要求,因此,利用2%CaCl2进行水蜜桃保鲜则更适合在广大果农中推广应用。     

多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽脂质代谢影响的研究进展

<正>大量研究表明,摄入多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对人的健康有益,它可以抑制炎症、促进大脑发育、抑制肿瘤生长,还可通过降低血浆甘油三酯和胆固醇水平抗血栓及抑制动脉粥样硬化等[1]。因此,通过日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸来降低禽肉蛋制品中甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)含量,生产功能性禽类产品,对维     

Analysis on Seismic Robustness of Urban Water SupplySystem Based on Disaster Resilience

Based on the concept and characteristics of disaster resilience, technical robustness and organizational robustness were discussed by updating trunk lines of urban water supply system for two different earthquake magnitudes, M 6.5 and M 7.0 respectively, where lifeline earthquake loss model was taken as a starting point. Monte Carlo based GIRAFFE model was adopted in this research. Result shows that retrofit of trunk lines is helpful for both technical robustness and organizational robustness, and the updating effect would become more significant as the earthquake magnitude increases. Furthermore, criticalness of pipelines is not determined by the earthquake magnitude, but as time goes it depends on their respective locations in the system and system configuration. At the moment instantly after earthquake, the pipelines which are located at the center of system would be more critical; while 24 hours later, the pipelines which are closer to the reservoir will become more critical.