Coordinated expression and regulation of deiodinases and thyroid hormone receptors during metamorphosis in the Japanese flounder (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>)

In vertebrates, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and deiodinases are essential for developmental events driven by the thyroid hormones (THs). However, the significance of deiodinases during the metamorphosis of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) remains unclear. Moreover, regulation and response of the TRs and deiodinases to THs in this fish are poorly understood. Therefore, we detected the expression patterns of THs, deiodinases, and TRs in drug-treated larvae and untreated larvae of P. olivaceus by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time PCR during P. olivaceus metamorphosis. To further understand the roles of these elements, a rescue assay was performed. Our results show the importance of THs, TRs, and deiodinases in flatfish metamorphosis. Our results also confirm that D1 and D2 activate THs and D3 plays the opposite and complementary role. Moreover, we demonstrated that both TRα and TRβ have important but different roles during P. olivaceus metamorphosis.     

Nitrogen removal characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas stutzeri</Emphasis> F11 and its application in grass carp culture

This study was designed to investigate the denitrification characteristics of Pseudomonas stutzeri F11 under different environmental conditions and to evaluate the effect of these characteristics on nitrogen removal and the water microbiome in an experimental grass carp aquaculture system. The results showed that the optimal growth conditions of strain F11 were (1) ammonia-nitrogen (N), nitrite-N, or nitrate-N as sole N source; (2) initial ammonia-N concentration of 10–30 mg N/l; (3), initial nitrite-N concentration of 200 mg N/l; (4) sodium citrate as carbon source; (5) rotation (r) speed of 200 r/min; a C:N ratio of between 2 and 10; (6) culture at 32–37 °C. The addition of P. stutzeri F11 to the experimental grass carp aquaculture system reduced the levels of ammonia-N, nitrite-N, and total N in the water over an extended range, but had no effect on nitrate-N level. Results of the 454 pyrosequencing analysis indicated that the structure of the microbial community in the aquaculture water changed significantly after the addition of P. stutzeri F11 preparations. The addition of P. stutzeri F11 to the aquaculture system also altered the microbiome metabolism in the water, especially the bacteria involved in nitrogen metabolism. These results suggest that the addition of P. stutzeri F11 to an experimental grass carp aquaculture system decrease nitrogen levels and alter the microbial community structure of the water; as such, this bacterial strain could be a potential candidate for the regulation of water quality in aquaculture systems.     

地锦和五叶地锦种间杂交不亲和性初步研究

将地锦和五叶地锦杂交,未能获得杂交种。对人工辅助自交和杂交后,花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况进行了荧光显微观测。观察发现：人工辅助自交后,花粉粒可在各自柱头表面正常萌发,花粉管可伸入花柱内。将地锦和五叶地锦杂交时,多数花粉粒不能在柱头表面萌发,或者花粉管呈卷曲、先端膨大、破裂等异常现象。授粉后2～48h的花柱中,未观察到花粉管。由此推断,地锦和五叶地锦之间的不亲和发生在柱头表面。     

刺参的健康养殖与水环境保护对策

目前,刺参养殖已成为我国北方海水养殖的重要经济产业,其发展势头迅猛。2006年～2008年,锦州市刺参养殖面积已增至4万余亩,约占全市海水养殖面积的三分之一。而伴随养殖规模的日益扩大,造成了局部外海海区及养参池水的有机污染加重,病害现象日渐显露。如何避免刺参养殖重走养虾业大起大落的弯路,充分重视水环境的保护问题,切实解决好刺参养殖的自身污染,在当前已显得尤为重要。     

鱼类监测系统及预警鱼类的选择

从鱼类行为学、鱼类毒理学、鱼类生理学等方面综述了鱼类监测系统建立的基础,介绍了预警鱼类的选择条件及几种常用的预警鱼类,并对鱼类监测预警系统的未来进行了展望.     

AFLP分子标记技术及其在水产动物中的应用

AFLP分子标记技术是DNA指纹技术的重大突破,由于其快速、简便、有效,因而在医学、农业、林业、畜牧业、渔业等领域中得到了广泛的应用。近年来人们不断地将这一技术完善和发展,使得AFLP成为迄今为止最有效的分子标记。本文简述了AFLP技术的基本原理、技术流程以及在水产动物中的应用情况。     

牧草产量的遥感估算与载畜能力研究

为了切实保护草地生态环境,实现草畜平衡,以畜牧业大省青海省为例,利用经过GPS定位的青海省牧草地面观测资料,分析牧草产量与NOAA/AVHRR植被指数NDVI之间的关系,分类建立青海省牧草产量估算线形模型与指数模型.模型的拟合结果良好,相关系数平方(R2)超过0.67.大部分时次的地面实测值与遥感估算值所处的产量等级基本一致,模型精度可以应用于大范围的牧草产量预测.根据牧草遥感估测结果,计算分析青海天然草场的载畜能力.结果表明,青海省县级天然草地年最高载畜量基本呈南高北低的态势.南部大部分县以及北部的祁连县在100～200万只绵羊单位之间,海西州和海东大部分县在50万只绵羊单位以下.     

杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病菌的毒力及毒素产生的影响

为筛选防治玉米穗腐病同时减少病原菌毒素积累的化学药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法、涂布平板法分别测定了4种药剂多菌灵、百菌清、吡唑醚菌酯和氰烯菌酯对玉米穗腐病的3种主要致病镰孢菌拟轮生镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了4种药剂对其毒素积累的影响。结果表明:层出镰孢菌菌株127-1和禾谷镰孢菌菌株125-3的最佳产毒时间为第10天。供试4种药剂对3种镰孢菌菌丝生长的EC50值范围为0.18~5.71μg/m L,对孢子萌发的EC50值范围为0.02~8.14μg/m L,均表现出一定的抑制作用。但对3种镰孢菌产伏马毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇的影响不尽相同,吡唑醚菌酯浓度在1~500μg/m L时能够抑制拟轮生镰孢菌和层出镰孢菌产生伏马毒素,氰烯菌酯能够在0.05~0.8μg/m L浓度范围内显著抑制禾谷镰孢菌产生玉米赤霉烯酮,当多菌灵浓度为0.05~0.5μg/m L时,几乎可以完全抑制禾谷镰孢菌产生脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇。     

基于汽车轮胎花纹的空间曲面造型研究

针对轮胎模具加工中平面花纹到空间造型的转换问题,运用映射关系,提出了一种高效、高精度、实用的造型方法,并分析了其基本原理及实现方法。实现了由客户提供的轮胎设计二维图样,直接生成轮胎模具基模胎面及花纹的精确三维造型,并自动生成数控加工程序。     

超磁致伸缩微致动器结构优化与静态特性试验

采用超磁致伸缩材料作为微致动器的主要材料,详细阐述了超磁致伸缩微致动器的结构及性能。通过建立超磁致伸缩微致动器的2D轴对称模型,利用有限元方法对微致动器的电磁结构进行优化。试验结果表明超磁致伸缩致动器在合适的偏置磁场及预压力作用下,能达到较佳的输出电流-位移及电流-输出力响应特性。