北美引进泡泡树的研究进展

泡泡树是一种原产于北美洲的乔木果树,其果实味美,营养丰富,富含多种矿质元素、维生素和氨基酸,具有较高的开发利用价值.目前,国内的一些科研单位已对泡泡树进行了引种栽培试验,并获得了成功.同时,对泡泡树的营养成分、繁殖技术、种植技术、遗传多样性等方面进行了研究,并取得一定进展.本文将对泡泡树研究现状进行整理,分析当前泡泡树...     

朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的最佳提取工艺及其抑菌性

[目的]朝鲜崖柏是集芳香、观赏、药用于一身的珍贵经济树种,其精油具有良好抑菌性.对朝鲜崖柏枝叶精油的提取工艺优化、成分分析和抑菌性进行研究,旨在为朝鲜崖柏精油的开发利用提供科学依据.[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取朝鲜崖柏枝叶的精油,进行单因素试验,并采用正交试验法和响应面优化法对提取工艺进行优化.采取GC-MS(气相色谱...     

半定量RT-PCR方法研究microRNA393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况

microRNAs是新近发现的一类具有重要功能的小分子RNA.研究表明,一些miRNAs与植物抗逆反应相关.本文使用半定量RT-PCR的方法,研究了miR393在旱处理后的孕穗期水稻叶片和穗部的表达情况.结果发现,miR393在胁迫后的叶片和穗部表达上调.同时也发现,miR393在胁迫前后穗部的表达略高于其在叶片中的表达.实验结果也表明,半定量RT-PCR适用于分析miRNAs的表达.     

基于农作制分区的1985—2015年中国小麦生产时空变化

Comparing spatio-temporal variation characteristics of China’s wheat production, yield, sown area and yield-area-contribution in different farming zones in the past 30 years could help improving wheat planting layout and adjusting planting structure. Concentration index, rate of change, moving of gravity and resolution of yield-area-contribution were used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of China’s wheat production and yield-area-contribution based on county wheat production statistics including sown area, production and yield from 1985 to 2015. The wheat sown area decreased obviously in Northeast farming region, Northwest farming region and South farming region and increased rapidly in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Yangtze Plain farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, the concentration indexes of Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region reached to 20.64%, 25.77%, and 21.65% respectively in 2015. Wheat production increased significantly by more than 48 milliontons in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, and nearly 8 million tons Yangtze Plain farming region but decreased by more than 2.6 million tons in Northeast farming region. In Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat production was concentrated in Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Yuxi Hill farming region. The average wheat yield continuously improved during the study period, Huang-Huai-Hai farming region and Northwest farming region had the yield increase up to 103.5 kg hm ^-2 and 92.9 kg hm ^-2 each year. Wheat yield in Yuxi Hill farming region, Fenwei Basin farming region and Haihe Plain farming region was relatively high in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region. The yield-reduced area was mainly caused by the decreasing of sown area, while the yield-area-contribution rate was different in yield-increased area. Yield-dominant counties were reduced, area-dominant counties were increased and yield-area-dominant counties were relatively steady. In production increased area, yield-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Huang-Huai-Hai Farming region, area-dominant and yield-area-dominant counties were the main types in Yangtze Plain farming region. Chinese wheat production was increasingly concentrated in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region which has high and rapid increase of wheat yield over the past three decades. Haihe Plain farming region, Huang-huai Plain farming region and Fenwei Basin farming region were the most concentrated areas in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region for wheat production during this period. Wheat yield and sown area jointly promoted the increase of wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai farming region, wheat sown area was the crucial factor to increase wheat production in Yangtze Plain farming region, especially in the north of Jiangsu, Anhui province and greater part of Xinjiang.     

3种橐吾属植物光合特性

利用Li-6400光合测定系统对苗龄180 d的蹄叶橐吾、多毛蹄叶橐吾和狭苞橐吾盆苗的光合作用日变化规律进行研究。结果表明:①3种橐吾的净光合速率(Pn),气孔导度(Gs)的日变化均为"双峰"型曲线,峰值出现在9:00和15:00时,13:00时左右存在明显的"午休"现象,但不同橐吾的净光合速率和气孔导度的高峰和谷底的高低不同,净光合速率大小依次为:多毛蹄叶橐吾蹄叶橐吾狭苞橐吾;②根据Pn、Gs、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化方向,推测3种橐吾的光合"午休"主要受气孔因素限制;③相关性分析表明,3种橐吾Pn与其影响因子Gs之间呈极显著正相关关系,与其他因子呈不显著正或负相关关系;蒸腾速率(Tr)与其影响因子光照强度(PAR),大气温度(Ta),大气湿度(RH)成极显著和显著正相关关系。     

应用SSR和ISSR标记分析非AA型野生稻资源的遗传多样性

利用SSR、ISSR标记分析了24份非AA型野生稻及4份AA型对照的遗传多样性。结果表明,11对SSR引物共检测到104个多态性片段,平均每个引物扩增多态性片段9.5个。非AA型野生稻的特异性片段74个,占总片段数的71.2%;8个ISSR引物共检测到166个多态性片段,平均每个引物扩增多态性片段20.8个。非AA型野生稻的特异性片段113个,占总片段数的68.7%。两种标记构建的亲缘关系树基本相似。非AA型野生稻遗传多样性丰富,且具有很多独特的性状,可以为水稻育种提供丰富的种质资源。     

山羊卵巢间质细胞分离方法的比较

【目的】比较体外条件下不同分离山羊卵巢间质细胞(ovarian interstitial cells)方法的效果。【方法】采用热消化法、冷消化法、单一酶消化法(热消化法,用Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅺ型胶原酶和2.5g/L胰蛋白酶+0.2g/L EDTA)及2步酶消化法分离山羊卵巢间质细胞。【结果】热消化法得到的细胞数量较冷消化法多,且试验所用时间缩短,但细胞活率降低。单一酶热消化法中,以1g/LⅪ型胶原酶效果最佳,适合体外培养。2步酶消化法以先胰蛋白酶后Ⅺ型胶原酶组的效果最佳,卵巢组织消化时间及体外培养首次换液时间均较短,适合于体外培养。【结论】采用1g/LⅪ型胶原酶单一酶热消化法或先胰蛋白酶后Ⅺ型胶原酶2步酶消化法,分离山羊卵巢间质细胞的效果均较好,可作为试验用卵巢间质细胞的理想分离方法。     

鄱阳湖采砂南移扩大影响范围——多源遥感的证据

采砂是一项具有巨大生态影响的经济活动。利用多源遥感影像描述鄱阳湖中部的采砂分布,分析其对悬浮泥沙浓度的影响。2011年7月28日的Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) 5用于采砂相关船只的识别,2009-2011年7-8月的Terra卫星中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)影像用于悬浮泥沙浓度的反演,(Before-after-control-impact,BACI)方法用于采砂影响评价。Landsat TM 5影像解译结果发现鄱阳湖中部的两个采砂区和90余艘船只,MODIS Terra反演结果显示在采砂区及其下游区域悬浮泥沙浓度剧增,BACI评价结果揭示采砂是导致此区域悬浮泥沙浓度增加的主要因素。平衡经济发展与生态保护之间的关系,将因采砂而造成的负面影响降到最低,使鄱阳湖的各种生态功能全面发挥是紧要的。     

高等农业院校精品课程建设的现状分析与对策

农学类精品课程一直是国家精品课程建设中的薄弱环节,不仅发展速度慢,而且内部发展不平衡,农学类国家级精品课程主要分布在少数涉农国家"211工程"和"985工程"院校中。通过对目前国家精品课程评审指标体系分析,提出了加强师资队伍建设、优化教学方法与手段、加强教材建设力度、突出农业特色、完善监控制度与资金保障机制等途径,对推动农业院校农学类精品课程建设有一定的借鉴意义。     

二氯异氰尿酸钠、溴氯海因、敌杀死对鲶鱼的急性毒性试验

用生物毒性试验方法进行二氯异氰尿酸钠、溴氯海因、敌杀死对鲶鱼 (9～ 1 1cm )的急性毒性试验 ,结果表明三种药物的安全浓度分别为 0 1 8mg/L、 0 56mg/L、 0 0 0 4mg/L。