半胱胺促进奶山羊乳腺发育的试验研究

为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。     

黑曲霉发酵酱油渣的研究

试验研究了黑曲霉的耐盐能力,试验结果表明:NaCl浓度在0-120 g/l以内,黑曲霉生长速率随NaCl浓度的增加先增加后减小,当NaCl浓度为40 g/l时黑曲霉生长速率达到最大值,为2.08 cm/d;并且以酱油渣为试验材料,研究了黑曲霉对酱油渣中粗纤维成分的降解能力,试验结果表明,黑曲霉能高效降解酱渣中半纤维素,30 d降解率达到了84.28%;同时对纤维素和木质素也有一定程度降解,30 d时降解率分别为23.86%和9.43%。本研究结果为酱油渣的饲料化利用提供了必要的数据支持。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒山西分离株S基因遗传变异分析

为分析山西地区猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的遗传变异情况,试验利用RT-PCR方法对2014-2015年山西省疑似猪流行性腹泻的阳性病料进行克隆和测序,获得4个S基因片段,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行比对分析。序列分析结果显示,4株PEDV山西分离株的S基因与CV777 vaccine相比,在170~171 bp之间插入12个核苷酸,在401~402、454~455 bp之间均插入3个核苷酸,在461~468 bp之间缺失6个核苷酸。4株PEDV山西分离株S基因之间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为99.2%~99.8%和98.6%~99.7%,与2011-2015年中国流行毒株、CV777 vaccine、attenuated DR13、CV777的核苷酸同源性分别95.0%~98.5%、93.2%~93.6%、93.2%~93.7%、93.7%~94.4%,氨基酸同源性分别为96.2%~98.9%、91.9%~92.6%、92.1%~92.9%、92.9%~94.0%。遗传进化树分析结果表明,PEDV S基因分为3个群,4株PEDV山西分离株属于第一群,与2010年以后国内流行毒株（除AH-M、SQ2014）的亲缘关系较近,与2010年以前中国流行毒株、2个日本株、7个韩国株、2个疫苗株的亲缘关系较远。研究结果提示山西省流行的PEDV发生较明显的变异,需研发新的疫苗来控制PEDV的暴发。     

浙江省亚洲柑橘木虱黄龙病病原分布与消长规律

亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病病原Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas)的主要传播媒介.为更好地探清亚洲柑橘木虱上的CLas阳性分布特性及其动态变化,提出适宜治虫防病的窗口期,特针对浙江省柑橘果园的分布特点,于2002—2019年采取定园定...     

茶树CsbHLH2基因克隆及表达分析

目的探究三七绿紫地上茎中三七碱性螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白基因(basic helix-loop-helix gene, bHLH)、v-myb骨髓母细胞增多症病毒癌基因同源物基因(v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog, MYB)和WD40蛋白基因(WD40 gene, WD40)转录水平的纵向变化及其与总花色苷含量(total anthocyanin content, TAC)的相关性。方法将平均高度约为18 cm的一年生三七绿紫地上茎植株的地上茎均分为18个茎段,分别用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和分光光度法检测各茎段中bHLH、MYB和WD40的转录水平以及TAC。结果从三七绿紫茎的顶部到基部,三七bHLH、MYB和WD40转录水平的纵向变化大致分别表现为1条“多峰”、“W”形和“W+倒V”形曲线,其最高转录水平分别出现在茎段7、10和7,且三者转录水平在不同茎段间的差异分别到达了显著 (P<0.05)、极显著 (P<0.01)和极显著 (P<0.01) 水平;TAC的纵向变化则粗略表现为1条“单峰”曲线,最高TAC出现在茎段8,且TAC在不同茎段间的差异达到了极显著水平;bHLH、MYB和WD40转录水平与TAC之间均呈正相关,其Pearson相关系数规律为MYB>bHLH>WD40。结论对于一年生三七绿紫茎花色苷合成而言,3个转录因子基因的差异性贡献为MYB>bHLH>WD40。本研究结果可为三七地上茎花色苷合成转录调控的探究提供参考。     

美洲黑杨种质资源生长和物候性状分析

以引进的美洲黑杨为材料建立基因库,通过比较分析该基因库7年生美洲黑杨的物候、生长、性别等特征,为资源评价和开发利用提供技术支持。结果表明：不同无性系间物候和生长特征变异丰富,生长和物候性状相关分析结果表明叶片变色落叶晚,有利于树高和胸径的快速增长。其中雄株中的优良比例和选育潜力更具有优势,在后期的良种培育中要适当重视雄株的选择。结合材积、胸径、物候生长季等性状从443份种质中筛选出优良无性系41个,对选出的系号统计发现,有25个无性系的母本来自于密西西比河流域,占比约60.98%,尤其是材积最大的5个无性系,其母本均来自于密西西比河下游天然林优株。总体来看,该基因库遗传多样性丰富,无性系间生长、物候等特征差异大,322、331-9、329-26、1-31等无性系表现优良,具备良好的选育潜力。     

马铃薯品种底西瑞(Desiree)悬浮细胞系的建立和培养条件的优化

悬浮细胞培养是植物生物技术中最有用的研究手段之一.本实验对马铃薯品种底西瑞( Desiree)悬浮细胞系建立的方法和优化条件进行了研究.结果表明:马铃薯品种底西瑞( Desiree)细胞生长曲线呈典型的S型,生长周期为2周左右.添加2mg/L2,4-D+1 mg/L NAA的MS培养基最适合底西瑞(Desiree)悬浮...     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis

In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.     

两种运输车对驴运输应激的影响

本试验旨在研究改造运输车对缓解驴运输应激的效果。选取28头健康德州公驴,随机分为2组,从北京密云县运输至聊城市东阿县东阿黑毛驴研究所,路程约500 km,历时18 h。试验使用9.6 m长单层货车为运输车,对试验组(T)运输车进行改造,即加装顶层和双侧篷布、底部加装草帘和中部加装隔栏,对照组(C)不作处理。运输前后测定驴血液生化和激素指标,统计体重变化和发病驴数量。结果表明,与运输前相比,普通车组驴在落地当天检测到血清皮质醇(COR)、白蛋白(ALB)水平均显著升高(P<0.05),总蛋白(TP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、热休克蛋白-90(HSP90)和肌酸激酶(CK)指标极显著升高(P<0.01),钙(Ca)浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。改造车组驴血液指标TP、AST和CK的变化范围低于普通车组。两组驴落地后血糖(GLU)水平均比运输前升高,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。与运输前相比,改造车组驴落地后的体重减少低于普通车组;改造车组驴在落地后第10天平均体重接近运输前,而普通车组驴的平均体重在落地后第20天才基本恢复至运输前水平,即使用改造运输车辆可以尽早恢复体重。普通车组驴发病率为21.4%,改造车组为7.1%;两组均无死亡。综合上述结果,改造运输车可有效降低驴的运输应激,有利于提高动物运输福利,减少经济损失;本试验结果可为动物运输应激提供参考。