电压空间矢量脉宽调制的简单算法

在电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)控制技术原理的基础上,提出了一种简单快速算法,该算法只有普通的四则运算,计算变得非常简单,消除了常规的空间矢量控制算法中由于三角函数和无理数的近似计算而带来的计算误差及影响计算精度和速度的缺点,使结果更加准确。因而更适合应用于基于DSP 的数字化控制。理论分析和大量的MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法具有谐波含量低、直流电压利用率高的优点。     

信息技术用于汽车纵梁制造的探讨

文章以为汽车行业的健康发展提供指导和借鉴为目的,主要对汽车的纵梁平面图纸集成化制造中诸如参数提取、纵梁3D模型构建技术和Agent的网络集成技术的应用方法等进行了相关论述,以此为实现汽车行业的可持续发展而做出贡献。     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

The effect of lactic acid bacterial starter culture and chemical additives on wilted rice straw silage

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are suitable for rice straw silage fermentation, but have been studied rarely, and rice straw as raw material for ensiling is difficult because of its disadvantages, such as low nutrition for microbial activities and low abundances of natural populations of LAB. So we investigated the effect of application of LAB and chemical additives on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wilted rice straw silage. Treatment with chemical additives increased the concentrations of crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), acetic acid and lactic acid, reduced the concentrations of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), but did not effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms. Inoculation with LABs did not improve the nutritional value of the silage because of poor growth of LABs in wilted rice straw. Inoculation with LAB and addition of chemical materials improved the quality of silage similar to the effects of addition of chemical materials alone. Growth of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria was inhibited by this mixed treatment and the LAB gradually dominated the microbial community. In summary, the fermentation quality of wilted rice straw silage had improved by addition of LAB and chemical materials.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of emulsifier and carbohydrase on the growth performance,serum cholesterol and breast meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens

A total of 540 2‐day‐old male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 35‐day experiment and were randomly divided into five treatments: (i) NC (low energy); (ii) PC (high energy diet); (iii) P1 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases); (iv) P2 (NC + 0.05% emulsifier); and (v) P3 (NC + 0.1% carbohydrases + 0.05% emulsifier). From days 0 to 21, body weight gain in PC and P3 treatments increased (P < 0.05) compared with NC treatment. The chicks fed PC, P1, P2 and P3 improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio compared with the NC treatment throughout the whole experiment. Abdominal fat weight was heavier (P < 0.05) in PC, P2 and P3 treatments than in NC and P1 treatments. On day 35, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were higher (P < 0.05) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower (P < 0.05) in NC and P2 treatments than in PC, P1 and P3 treatments. The concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids were highest (P < 0.05) in PC than in the other treatments. In conclusion, the results indicate that low energy density diet had lower growth performance, while the inclusion of emulsifier and carbohydrases in low energy diets can partially improve growth performance.     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially.     

宁夏压砂地土壤全盐量和pH值的空间变异分析

以宁夏境内压砂地为研究对象,研究了不同土层压砂地土壤全盐量和pH值的空间变异性。结果表明:描述性统计分析,在垂直方向上,pH值随土壤深度的增加而下降,每层土样pH值的变异系数变化均10%,属弱变异性;全盐量随着土样深度的增加而增加,变异系数均100%,属强空间变异性。各层pH值理论分布模型均为高斯模型,且具有中等程度的空间相关性,反映出压砂地土壤pH值的空间变异是随机性因素和结构性因素共同作用的结果;0~20、20~40cm全盐理论分布模型为高斯模型,40~60cm属球状模型,具有强烈的空间相关性,说明其变异主要是由结构性因素引起。Kriging插值分析表明研究区土壤全盐量和pH值在水平空间分布总体呈环状,pH值由西北向东南方向逐渐降低,全盐量由西北向东南方向递增。     

基于GIS的城市绿地系统景观生态评价

以哈尔滨市群力新区绿地系统为研究对象,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,从绿地类型的基本斑块特征、斑块类型等级、景观异质性及景观破碎化4个层面上选取14个指数,对群力新区绿地景观格局进行分析。结果表明:研究区绿地率低,各类型绿地斑块数分布失衡,面积差异较大,形状复杂程度各异。景观多样性较好,优势度明显,但缺失绿地类型,且分布不均匀,破碎化水平较高。针对研究区绿地景观格局中存在的问题,提出群力新区绿地生态规划建议,使研究区绿地系统具有良好的景观格局,更有效的发挥城市绿地的生态功能。     

光质和光强对红树莓组培苗叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了确立红树莓组培苗生长的适宜光质和光强,以红树莓"海尔特兹"组培苗为试材,研究了不同光质和光强处理下红树莓生根组培苗的叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:光质处理中,除R/B(红光∶蓝光=1∶1)处理外,Chl a(叶绿素a)、Chl b(叶绿素b)和Ct(叶绿素总含量)均随着R/B比率的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,Chl a和Ct均在2R/B(红光∶蓝光=2∶1)处理下呈现最大值,分别为1.344、1.716mg·g~(-1),Chl b则在R/2B(红光∶蓝光=1∶2)处理最高,为0.423mg·g~(-1),Chl a、Chl b和Ct均以10R/B(红光∶蓝光=10∶1)处理最低,分别为0.130、0.033、0.163mg·g~(-1),均显著低于其它光质;Chl a/b(叶绿素a/b)在10R/B、2R/B和R/B处理下较高,分别为3.942、3.709、3.653,呈现阳生植物的特性,而在6R/B(红光∶蓝光=6∶1)、W(白光)、4R/B(红光∶蓝光=4∶1)等处理下较低,分别为2.729、2.730、2.747,呈现阴生植物的特性;在R/2B处理下,红树莓组培苗叶片的叶绿素荧光参数值表现极优,Fv/Fm(PSⅡ最大光化学效率)值达到0.881,而10R/B处理下,Fv/Fm值降低到0.355,且显著低于其它光质处理;光强处理中,随着光强的增加,Chl a、Chl b和Ct呈现递减的趋势,最大值由1.218、0.503、1.720mg·g~(-1)分别降低到0.907、0.302、1.209mg·g~(-1),均形成显著差异,Chl a/b则表现为随着光强的增加而增加,在2 000lx处理达到最大值,为3.042,且3种光强处理差异显著;叶片的Fo(初始荧光)随着光强的增加而增加,在2 000lx处理下达到最大值,为180.000,Fm(最大荧光值)则在1 500lx处理下达到最大值,为907.000,而叶片的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ的潜在活性)、ΦPSⅡ(PSⅡ实际光化学效率)、Rfd(可变荧光下降比值)则均随着光强的增加呈现递减的趋势,均在1 000lx处理下呈现最大值,分别为0.847、5.573、0.815、4.200。