Potential protective effects of thiamine supplementation on the ruminal epithelium damage during subacute ruminal acidosis

In ruminants, the ruminal epithelium not only has the function of absorbing nutrients but also is an important tissue to prevent harmful substances in the rumen from entering the blood circulation. Thus, the normal function of ruminal epithelium is critical for ruminants. However, subacute ruminal acidosis induced by high-concentrate diets often damages the barrier function of ruminal epithelium in ruminants. Recently, many studies have shown that dietary supplementation with thiamine is an effective method to alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis. In order to provide theoretical reference for the in-depth study of subacute ruminal acidosis and the application of thiamine in the future, this review introduces the effects of subacute ruminal acidosis on morphological structure, inflammatory response, and tight junction of ruminal epithelium. In addition, this paper summarizes the role of thiamine in maintaining ruminal epithelial function of ruminants during subacute ruminal acidosis challenge.     

两种运输车对驴运输应激的影响

本试验旨在研究改造运输车对缓解驴运输应激的效果。选取28头健康德州公驴,随机分为2组,从北京密云县运输至聊城市东阿县东阿黑毛驴研究所,路程约500 km,历时18 h。试验使用9.6 m长单层货车为运输车,对试验组(T)运输车进行改造,即加装顶层和双侧篷布、底部加装草帘和中部加装隔栏,对照组(C)不作处理。运输前后测定驴血液生化和激素指标,统计体重变化和发病驴数量。结果表明,与运输前相比,普通车组驴在落地当天检测到血清皮质醇(COR)、白蛋白(ALB)水平均显著升高(P<0.05),总蛋白(TP)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、热休克蛋白-90(HSP90)和肌酸激酶(CK)指标极显著升高(P<0.01),钙(Ca)浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。改造车组驴血液指标TP、AST和CK的变化范围低于普通车组。两组驴落地后血糖(GLU)水平均比运输前升高,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。与运输前相比,改造车组驴落地后的体重减少低于普通车组;改造车组驴在落地后第10天平均体重接近运输前,而普通车组驴的平均体重在落地后第20天才基本恢复至运输前水平,即使用改造运输车辆可以尽早恢复体重。普通车组驴发病率为21.4%,改造车组为7.1%;两组均无死亡。综合上述结果,改造运输车可有效降低驴的运输应激,有利于提高动物运输福利,减少经济损失;本试验结果可为动物运输应激提供参考。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

哈萨克羊iNOS基因多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性分析

试验旨在探讨哈萨克羊诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性。使用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）方法对231只哈萨克羊血清进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测,参考GenBank中绵羊iNOS基因序列,针对其第6、7、8外显子及其邻近内含子片段设计引物,利用PCR-SSCP技术和DNA测序技术对231只哈萨克羊的iNOS基因进行多态性检测,分析其SNPs与哈萨克羊布鲁氏菌病易感性的相关性。结果表明,67只哈萨克羊为布鲁氏菌感染阳性,阳性检出率为29.00%。在哈萨克羊iNOS基因的外显子6和8片段上未检测到多态位点,在外显子7片段上检测出F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T 2个多态位点,在F7-T18054C多态位点上检测到3种基因型（TC、TT、CC）,优势等位基因和基因型分别是C型和CT型,其等位基因频率和基因型频率分别是0.660和0.446。在F7-C18084T多态位点上检测到2种基因型（CT、CC）,优势等位基因频率和基因型分别是C和CC型,其等位基因和基因型频率分别是0.946和0.892。F7-C18084T属于低度多态（PIC<0.25）,F7-T18054C属于中度多态（0.25 < PIC < 0.5）。相关性分析表明,F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T多态位点与布鲁氏菌病易感性无显著相关性（P>0.05）。试验结果表明,哈萨克羊iNOS基因F7-T18054C和F7-C18084T多态位点与布鲁氏菌病易感性不存在相关性。     

射频识别技术在畜禽养殖中的应用与展望

随着畜禽规模养殖的发展,高度集约化养殖模式将影响畜禽的健康状况、疫病防控和福利水平。一种无接触、无应激的射频识别（Radio Frequency Identifi cation,RFID）技术应运而生,该技术可以在无损状态下采集畜禽的行为、生理生化和养殖环境指标,从而为评估集约化养殖的效果和影响提供基础数据。文章讨论了三种常见类型的RFID系统在畜禽养殖中的应用,系统地比较了各类系统的优缺点及适宜应用场景,进一步提出RFID在畜禽养殖中的未来应用方向,以期为深化畜禽信息采集的研究提供参考。     

规模化猪场非洲猪瘟防控

非洲猪瘟疫情已经成为制约养猪业发展的头号杀手,生猪稳产保供任务引起高度重视,因此,防控非洲猪瘟疫情是各级政府和养猪企业的重点工作之一,该文主要论述规模化猪场非洲猪瘟防控措施。     

液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架的结构设计

针对目前植保机械中所使用的喷杆喷架稳定性差、折叠伸展需要人工辅助等问题,设计出了一种液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架。对喷杆喷架的升降装置、90°液压油缸折叠机构、180°液压油缸折叠机构和整体宽幅喷架进行了理论分析和结构设计,并建立了关键部件的三维模型。通过田间试验验证了该装置设计方案的合理性,为研发先进适用、具有自主知识产权的液压升降折叠宽幅喷杆喷架奠定了基础。     

卷盘式喷灌机卷盘驱动负载计算与分析

为优化卷盘式喷灌机驱动结构,研制高效卷盘喷灌机驱动器,需要对卷盘式喷灌机的卷盘负载情况进行计算和分析。为此,以软管牵引式卷盘喷灌机为对象,建立了卷盘负载转矩计算的物理模型,理论推导了在运行时的卷盘负载转矩数学计算模型。以JP50和JP75型卷盘式喷灌机为例,按推导所得数学模型进行计算,得到了运行时卷盘负载转矩随已回卷PE管长度的变化规律和估计值。计算结果表明:JP50型卷盘式喷灌机运行时最大负载转矩约为960N·m,JP75型为6 001N·m;卷盘负载转矩随已回卷长度的增加而减小,且当卷盘回卷半径变化时,负载转矩将突然变大;负载转矩的大小和变化规律只与喷灌机的参数和运行条件有关,与运行时的速度无关。     

基于FEM-SPH耦合算法的土壤切削仿真研究

建立了旋耕刀和土壤的FEM-SPH耦合仿真模型,基于FEM-SPH耦合算法,采用MAT147土壤材料和国家标准Ⅲ型旋耕刀,结合LS-DYNA971求解器,对土壤切削仿真进行了研究。对旋耕刀切削土壤的耕作过程进行了数值仿真模拟分析,得到了切削力和切土能耗随时间的变化曲线;计算出旋耕刀单刀切土扭矩为8.75N·m,与试验结果接近。通过正交试验分析,耕作深度为主导因子,对切土功率影响较大,调整耕作深度可有效降低土壤切削的功耗,提高耕作效率。研究表明:FEM-SPH耦合算法可有效应用于土壤切削仿真,可为研究土壤的破碎机理和耕作器具的优化设计提供理论依据。     

基于ARM的育苗架智能监控系统设计

为了解决当前育苗过程中环境参数控制不便等问题,提出一种新的基于嵌入式ARM平台的育苗架智能监控系统。该系统搭载嵌入式Linux操作系统,采用Pt100温度传感器和NWSF-1AT湿度传感器,以及加热、加湿装置,可以对育苗架内的环境参数进行实时监测和智能控制。系统采用Modbus通信协议和RS-485数据接口,利用Qt开发用户界面,同时包含数据库功能,能够自动记录历史数据,便于后续的数据分析。大量实验表明,本系统可以实时监测育苗架内温湿度变化,当设定期望温度为25℃、湿度为40%RH时,能够有效地将育苗架内的温湿度环境稳定在设定值,能够为催芽育苗工作提供所良好的内部环境。