基于EnhanceFish模型的鱼类增殖放流策略研究：以中山市南朗水域黄鳍棘鲷增殖放流为例

增殖放流是增殖受损生物资源和维持渔业可持续发展的重要途径,效果评估是增殖放流工作的重要环节。本研究引入EnhanceFish模型,从生态容量、种群结构、经济效益等方面对广东省中山市南朗水域黄鳍棘鲷(Acanthopagrus latus)增殖放流效果进行评估,探讨了EnhanceFish模型在我国渔业资源增殖放流效果评估中的应用潜力。结果显示,中山市南朗水域黄鳍棘鲷最大的放流数量为160万尾,最佳放流规格为全长6 cm,可获最大净现值6.2万元,可适当提高捕捞努力量,增加渔民人均收入;EnhanceFish模型能弥补其他评估方式功能单一的劣势,在生态容量评估中结果更精确,在种群结构评估中考虑更全面,在经济效益评估中更节约成本。因此,EnhanceFish模型在我国渔业资源增殖活动中有一定的应用价值。     

阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性成熟个体的体征和生殖投入

为深入全面地认识阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illexargentinus)的繁殖策略,本研究选取2018—2021年西南大西洋公海海域收集的阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性成熟个体样本,利用残差指标分析法计算体质量–胴长标准差作为个体的体征指标,并利用混合效应模型分析体征和性腺指数与栖息海域主要环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性成熟个体的胴长为143～291 mm,体质量为89～559 g,体型以2020年的最大,2018年的最小。2018年和2020年成熟个体的体质量–胴长幂函数关系b值与匀速生长(b=3)存在显著性差异。体征以2020年的体征最好,2018年和2021年的体征较差;性腺指数则以2020年的最低,2018年和2021年次之。体征与海表温度和叶绿素a质量浓度存在显著的相关关系,在海表温度为9.0～12.5℃时,体征随海表温度的增加呈下降趋势;在叶绿素a质量浓度为1 mg/m³左右,体征处于较佳状态。性腺指数仅与海表温度存在显著的相关关系,在海表温度为15℃左右处于较大值。以上结果表明,阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性成熟个体的体征与生殖投入存在权衡,海表温度对体征和生殖投入均有显...     

设施菜田土壤磷、钾养分积累状况与特点

针埘设施菜田连续超量施肥的生产现状,采用设施菜田、露地菜田和粮棉田对比采样的方法,研究了设施菜田磷、钾养分的形态、含量与积累特点.结果表明:设施菜田0～25和25～50 cm土层中磷、钾养分含量均有明显积累,磷素的积累程度强于钾素,且随设施栽培年限增加而加霞,近几年土壤钾素积累有加快的趋势.无机磷各形态含量结果表明,Ca2-P,Ca8-P所占的比例为设施菜田>露地菜出>粮棉田,速效钾和缓效钾含量也呈相同趋势,说明积累态磷、钾仍具有较高的有效性.     

西藏苦荞种质资源主要农艺性状分析

为了揭示西藏苦荞种质资源多样性和发掘苦荞资源中的有益基因,利用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法对西藏80份苦荞资源的7个主要农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明:西藏苦荞资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,其中主茎粗的遗传变异系数达到36.7%。千粒重与单株粒重呈极显著正相关和极显著偏相关,生育期与千粒重呈极显著负相关和显著负偏相关。应用主成分分析将西藏苦荞7个主要农艺性状简化为4个主成分,其累积贡献率为86.04%,以主茎因子贡献率最高,为41.11%。采用系统聚类分析,将供试材料在遗传距离11.61水平上可聚为4个大类,可区分为株高较矮大粒型、株高中等小粒型、植株矮小大粒型和植株高大茎秆粗壮型。综合聚类分析和主成分分析,苦荞资源中植株较矮、大粒是较为理想的育种材料。     

Nitrogen application affects maize grain filling by regulating grain water relations

Grain water relations play an important role in grain filling in maize. The study aimed to gain a clear understanding of the changes in grain dry weight and water relations in maize grains by using hybrids with contrasting nitrogen efficiencies under differing nitrogen levels. The objectives were: 1) to understand the changes in dry matter and percent moisture content(MC) during grain development in response to different nitrogen application rates and 2) to determine whether nitrogen application...     

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.     

Changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

AIM and METHODS: To study the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its significance. Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. MI was produced by left coronary arterial ligation in 80 animals, and eight rats undergoing thoracotomy but not coronary ligation served as controls (sham).Blood samples were drawn from the right atrium before (sham animals) and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after MI(n=8, respectively). Serum VEGF concentrations were measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for VEGF. RESULTS: In 8 sham animals, the concentration of serum VEGF was (66.99±17.83) pg/mL. Six hours after MI, the level of serum VEGF significantly increased to (125.68±28.07)pg/mL (P＜0.01 vs sham control), and reached a peak (240.61±70.63 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control) at 24 hours after ligation and then decreased gradually over the remaining 2 weeks. But the level remained significantly elevated for 14 days (107.64±30.31 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control).CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels markedly and permanently increase in the rat model of acute MI may play an important role in the angiogenesis associated with MI     

盐度变化对军曹鱼稚鱼相关免疫因子及其生长的影响

研究了盐度(5、10、20、30及对照37)对军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)稚鱼生长及其血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、旁路途径补体(ACP)溶血活性(ACH50)和总免疫球蛋白(T-Ig)含量等免疫因子的影响。实验周期为14 d。结果表明,在逐渐达到设定盐度后养殖14 d,盐度30组稚鱼特定生长率(SGR)最高(5.77%/d),而盐度5和10组的SGR(分别为4.24%/d和4.38%/d)显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。在低盐度环境中血清溶菌酶活性在第7天各组都有不同程度升高,其中以盐度20组升高最为显著,其次为盐度10和30组,但第14天各组溶菌酶活性又都回落至对照组水平;而稚鱼在低盐度环境中血清ALP活性受到明显抑制,且活性与盐度呈一定正相关;各组间ACP活性在第7天各盐度组间无明显差异,但实验结束时盐度5和10两组出现显著升高;而T-Ig含量在盐度10组中始终明显高于其他组。研究显示,军曹鱼稚鱼在盐度20~37范围内都可正常生长,尽管稚鱼有较强的低盐度耐受能力,但过低盐度明显影响其生长率并导致体色变黑、蛀鳍和应激增强等异常表现。此外,盐度变化还影响稚鱼多种免疫相关因子。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):120-125]     

我国棉花纤维品质现状分析

2001~2005年农业部对我国主产棉省主栽棉花品种纤维的抽查结果表明:纤维长度主要分布在28~29mm;纤维整齐度指数高,主要分布在82%~84%;断裂比强度处于中等偏上水平,主要分布在27~29 cN/tex;纤维成熟较好,粗细适中,马克隆值主要分布在4.6左右;色特征级多数分布在21、31、41级。目前我国棉花纤维质量可以满足纺织工业纺中、低档棉纱(32~40支纱)的要求,可纺高支纱(60~80支)的原棉纤维所占比例较少。     

我国花卉的设施栽培现状分析

针对我国花卉产业的现状与花卉的设施栽培现状问题进行分析,并提出了我国花卉设施栽培应解决的问题。