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91.
Rosalinda Mendoza-Villarreal Alberto Sandoval-Rangel Valentín Robledo-Torres Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(1):73-82
Nitrogen (N) by form of nutrition, ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3?), affects metabolic and physiological processes of plants. In general, a high proportion of N in NH4+ form results in poor growth. Nonetheless, a number of species exhibit optimum growth when high levels of NH4+ are provided. In the present study, lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn] was grown in rockwool cultures and irrigated with nutrient solutions containing 15 mM N with varying proportions of NH4+ and NO3?. The results showed that an increase in NH4+-N form increased plant height, number of flowers and leaves, leaf area, and shoot, stem, and leaf dry weight. The proportion of NH4+ also affected leaf concentration of phosphorus, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), although leaf N concentration was unaffected. Potassium leaf concentration was higher when a low proportion of NH4+ was supplemented in the nutrient solution; however, plants exhibited a decrease in leaf K concentration and a decrease in leaf Ca as the proportion of NH4+-N increased. Shoot dry weight was higher with low leaf K whereas high leaf Ca was associated with high shoot dry weight. Net photosynthesis rate was higher in plants irrigated with solutions containing 75% of total N in NH4+ form than in those irrigated with solutions of 0 or 25%. The results suggest that lisianthus can tolerate high levels of NH4+, probably associated with a higher assimilation of Ca. 相似文献
92.
Defining the validity of a biochemical index of soil quality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. C. Leirós C. Trasar-Cepeda F. García-Fernández F. Gil-Sotres 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,30(1-2):140-146
The native soils of Galicia (NW Spain) exhibit a biochemical equilibrium such that total soil N is a function of five biochemical
and microbiological parameters: microbial biomass C, mineralized N, phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activities.
To investigate whether the ratio of the total N calculated from biochemical soil properties (Nc) and the total N as measured
by the Kjeldahl method (Nk; Nc/Nk) can be used as an index of soil quality, we determined these variables and consequently
the ratio in three kinds of disturbed soils: an artificially Cu-contaminated soil, two lignite mine soils, and a number of
arable soils. In none of the studied soils did the individual biochemical parameters respond consistently to the factors influencing
soil quality, but in all cases soil degradation was reflected by the Nc/Nk value, which differed more or less markedly from
100%. Nc/Nk can therefore be used for the rapid evaluation of soil degradation, since it distinguishes among biochemically
balanced soils, soils in a transient state of high microbiological and biochemical activity and degraded soils. It can also
serve as a reliable basis for the rapid calculation of the "ecological dose" (ED50) of soil pollutants. The use of Nc/Nk as an objective index of the biochemical quality of soils is recommended.
Received: 20 December 1998 相似文献
93.
Morphological development and allometric growth of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi V. larvae under culture conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño Karina González‐Álvarez Juan Pablo Lazo Juan Manuel Audelo‐Naranjo Antonio Vélez‐Medel 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1277-1287
Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Seriola lalandi larvae were assessed to characterize normal growth patterns under culture conditions. Early ontogenetic stages of yellowtail kingfish exhibited an exponential growth in terms of standard length as a function of age. Five development stages were characterized from hatching to the juvenile stage: larval stage I (0–2 days post hatch, dph) with endogenous feeding, characterized by a small yolk sac, unpigmented eyes, primordial finfold surrounding the body and a closed mouth; larval stage II (2–15 dph) characterized by mouth opening, complete pigmentation of eyes and the beginning of the exogenous feeding; subsequently, in the larval stage III (15–25 dph) the posterior tip of notochord of the larvae bended upward and the first rays appeared in fins, concomitant with a change in swimming behaviour; thereafter, larval stage IV (post‐flexion stage; 25–30 dph) began when larvae resembled in morphology to a juvenile organism; however, caudal and dorsal fins were not completely development. Lastly, the juvenile stage was reached 30 dph characterized by a morphology and fin structures similar to those of the adults. Growth and development of structures and organs associated with vital functions such as feeding, sensorial and breathing systems seemed to be more critical previous to 23 dph, which was reflected with a positive allometric growth of head and eyes during this period. The results from this study can be used as a tool‐guide to assess normal development in larval research with S. lalandi to improve existing rearing protocols in hatchery production. 相似文献
94.
C.M. Morvillo E.B. de la Fuente A. Gil M.A. Martínez-Ghersa J.L. González-Andújar 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):211-221
Annual wormwood interference on soybean crop growth and yield may result from competition and allelopathy, which are modulated by crop management. Allelochemicals released by annual wormwood (e.g. artemisinin) may affect the crop directly or indirectly through the effect on the nitrogen fixing symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The objectives were (i) to quantify the crop response (i.e. biomass production, nodulation and yield) to weed interference and (ii) to determinate the relative change of competition and allelopathy interferences, when a sublethal dose of herbicide is applied. Two split plot field experiments with three replications were used. The experiment involved a factorial combination of five weed–crop density (soybean/annual wormwood, plants m?2) levels: D1, pure soybean, 40/0 plants m?2; D2, 40/2 plants m?2; D3, 40/4 plants m?2 and D4, 40/8 plants m?2, and D5, pure annual wormwood, 0/8 plants m?2, two activated carbon (allelopathy) levels: C?, with activated carbon (reduced allelopathy) and C+, non activated carbon applied (with allelopathy) and two herbicide levels: H?, untreated and H+, treated with a sub-lethal dose of glyphosate. Activated carbon to adsorb allelochemicals (with and without activated carbon) and glyphosate application (with and no herbicide) were assigned to sub-plots. Increasing weed density did not affect crop biomass at flowering, but changed nodule number and soybean yield with a different pattern depending on carbon and herbicide treatment. Relative crop yield decreased with increasing relative weed biomass. This decrease was particularly drastic when allelopathy was reduced by activated carbon and without herbicide application. The maximum yield losses of 33% in 2006 and 17% in 2007 were observed with the highest weed density (8 plants m?2). In contrast, without carbon (high allelopathy level), soybean yield remained stable within the explored range of annual wormwood biomass, despite the fact that weed biomass at high densities (D4) was high enough to generate competition. The lack of response to increasing weed density could be related to the indirect effect of allelochemicals interacting with soil microorganisms (i.e. B. japonicum) that positively affected the nodulation (e.g. larger nodules in 2006 and increased nodules biomass due to higher number of roots in 2007 at high densities). With herbicide application, soybean yield of both carbon treatments remained stable when biomass of annual wormwood increased. This research provided strong evidence in support of the existence of positive effect of allelopathic and competitive interactions between annual wormwood and soybean crop under field conditions that may be overridden under herbicide application. 相似文献
95.
Herrero M Jaime L Martín-Alvarez PJ Cifuentes A Ibáñez E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(15):5597-5603
In this work, extraction of antioxidant compounds from Dunaliella salina microalga is optimized by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and experimental design (three-level factorial design) with three different solvents (hexane, ethanol, and water). Two main factors were considered, the extraction temperature (40, 100, and 160 degrees C) and the extraction time (5, 17.5, and 30 min). As response variables, the extraction yield (percent dry weight/initial weight) and the antioxidant activity of the extracts (determined using the TEAC method) were used. The parameters of the model were estimated by multiple linear regression. Results showed that the extraction temperature was the factor having the strongest influence (positive) on the two response variables. The best yields were obtained with ethanol at the higher extraction temperature and time tested. Besides, although hexane extracts provided the best antioxidant activity, ethanol extracts were also very active. The chemical characterization of ethanol extracts was carried out using HPLC-DAD, and attempts have been made to correlate their chemical composition with the antioxidant activity measured. Results pointed out that the extracts contained, besides all-trans-beta-carotene and isomers, several different minor carotenoids that seemed to make a contribution to the antioxidant activity of the extracts. 相似文献
96.
Analysis of genomic mutation and immunohistochemistry of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors in canine vascular tumours 下载免费PDF全文
S. Abou Asa T. Mori K. Maruo A. Khater A. El‐sawak E. Abd el‐Aziz T. Yanai H. Sakai 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):237-245
We examined whether mutation of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase (PDGFR)‐α and PDGFR‐β genes contributes to their overexpression in canine vascular tumours. Genomic sequences of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFR‐α and PDGFR‐β were analysed with immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction‐direct sequencing using DNA from paraffin‐embedded neoplastic tissues of 27 hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) and 20 hemangiomas (HAs). Immunohistochemically, 75% of the HA cases were positive for PDGFR‐α and almost most of the HA cases were negative for PDGFR‐β. Of the HSA cases, 55.6% were negative for PDGFR‐α and 63% were strongly positive for PDGFR‐β. Among the HA cases, 1 missense mutation was detected in PDGFR‐α exon 18 and 1 in PDGFR‐β exon 17. Two HSA cases had missense mutations in exon 14 and 1 in exon 17 of PDGFR‐β. Thus, genomic mutation of trans‐ or juxtamembrane regions of PDGFRs was not the main mechanism driving the activation of receptors in HSA and HA. 相似文献
97.
Fracture of the medial intercondylar eminence of the tibia in horses treated by arthroscopic fragment removal (21 horses) 下载免费PDF全文
98.
Unraveling the life history of successful invaders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D Sol J Maspons M Vall-Llosera I Bartomeus GE García-Peña J Piñol RP Freckleton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):580-583
Despite considerable current interest in biological invasions, the common life-history characteristics of successful invaders remain elusive. The widely held hypothesis that successful invaders have high reproductive rates has received little empirical support; however, alternative possibilities are seldom considered. Combining a global comparative analysis of avian introductions (>2700 events) with demographic models and phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that although rapid population growth may be advantageous during invasions under certain circumstances, more generally successful invaders are characterized by life-history strategies in which they give priority to future rather than current reproduction. High future breeding expectations reduce the costs of reproductive failure under uncertain conditions and increase opportunities to explore the environment and respond to novel ecological pressures. 相似文献
99.
100.
Campbell C Pert A Jennifer Mordue Bríd O'Shea Ian R Bricknell 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):799-805
The reproductive success of Lepeophtheirus salmonis settled on host and non‐host fish has been compared. Triplicate single species tanks of Atlantic salmon, marine three‐spined sticklebacks, saithe and Atlantic cod were exposed to 10 adult female L. salmonis per tank (n=30 lice per species). Adult female L. salmonis settlement and egg string production occurred only on salmon and cod, with no egg production occurring on saithe and three‐spined sticklebacks. The number of eggs in egg strings, hatching success of eggs and the survival of all larval stages to the copepodid stage were severely affected by the species of fish on which female L. salmonis had settled. L. salmonis settled on cod produced significantly fewer eggs, lower hatching rates and lower survival rates of larvae than females on Atlantic salmon. The production of egg strings by L. salmonis females infecting cod, which successfully hatch and moult through to the infective copepodid stage, albeit in small numbers, is discussed in terms of the implications to aquaculture and salmon and cod farming scenarios. 相似文献