镁水平对不同类型土壤大豆生长、养分吸收以及产量的影响

在温室条件下,采用土壤盆栽方法研究了镁施用水平对3种不同类型土壤大豆生长、养分吸收以及籽粒产量的影响。试验结果表明,施用60mg/kg镁肥对3种不同类型土壤大豆种植生长,籽粒、茎秆和根部中氮、磷、钾和镁养分吸收量,以及籽粒产量都具有显著的影响。当镁肥施用量为60mg/kg土时,种植在褐土性土、栗褐土和潮褐土土壤上的大豆籽粒产量分别比对照增产15.53％、11.48％和15.52％。当镁肥施用量增加到180mg/kg土时,潮土的大豆籽粒产量比对照增产19.83％,而其它两种土壤大豆籽粒产量没有明显增加。从3种不同类型土壤对施用镁肥的响应来看,潮土表现好于栗褐土和褐土性土。本研究表明,在合理施用氮、磷和钾肥基础上配合施用适当的镁肥对交换性镁含量相对较高的土壤仍有一定的增产潜力。     

腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草影响的研究进展

本文综述了腐殖酸对植烟土壤和烟草各方面的影响,揭示出腐殖酸能够改善植烟土壤性状,提高烟叶品质,同时,对烟草的安全性和抗逆性也有一定的作用。并在此基础上对今后的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为腐殖酸在烤烟生产上的推广应用提供理论依据。     

ABA对‘西伯利亚’百合试管鳞茎发育及休眠的影响

 以东方百合杂种系的‘西伯利亚’百合（Lillium ‘Siberia’）为材料,研究了ABA 及其合成抑制剂氟啶酮（Fluridone）对试管鳞茎发育及休眠的影响,结果表明：在黑暗条件下生长原基只发育成鳞片,加入ABA 合成抑制剂Fluridone 后鳞片和鳞片叶同时生成,在含有Fluridone 的培养基中加入外源ABA 后,Fluridone 促进鳞片叶片生成的作用被逆转,说明外源ABA 可以抑制鳞片叶的生成。Fluridone可以降低鳞茎的休眠程度,当外源ABA 与其同时存在时,Fluridone 的这种作用会被逆转,说明外源ABA可以促进鳞茎休眠。鳞茎的休眠程度在15、20 和25 ℃培养条件下会随温度升高而加深,在25 ℃条件下鳞茎进入完全休眠,低浓度的外源ABA 对于15、20 和25 ℃条件下鳞茎的休眠没有促进作用,说明温度对休眠的影响可能不是通过ABA 发挥作用的,除了ABA 外还存在尚不清楚的物质影响着休眠形成。百合试管鳞茎休眠深浅与其形态发育没有直接的因果关系。     

The effect of salinity and porosity of sewage sludge compost on the growth of vegetable seedlings

Salinity and porosity of composted sewage sludge (CSS) were studied to evaluate their effect on vegetable seedlings, specifically on vegetable seedling performance and toxicity threshold of soluble salts. For the evaluation, CSS was mixed with different proportions of leached CSS to control the salinity. Soluble salt content of 1.45% or higher in growth media inhibited the growth of cucumber, tomato, and pepper seedlings, while that of 1.1% was relatively safe. Different porosities of CSS media were prepared by mixing CSS (<10 mm) with ground CSS (<1 mm) in different proportions (CSS and ground CSS were leached beforehand to prevent salt stress). The vegetable seedlings grew well in CSS media without showing symptoms of growth inhibition if the total porosity ranged from 66% to 81% and the water holding porosity ranged from 48% to 59%. However, the best seedling performances were achieved with the coarser media with high total porosities. The study indicated that when salt content was appropriate, CSS can be used alone as a vegetable seedling growth medium without the need for grinding or blending with other materials.     

单季稻“甬优9号”病虫发生特点与防治技术研究

调查结果表明：与本地单季稻当家品种两优培九相比,甬优9号病虫发生有如下特点：①移栽期较迟避过了1代二化螟的为害,因此1代﹑2代螟虫为害较轻,但由于甬优9号生育期较长,穗期3代螟虫虫伤株为害相对较重。②稻纵卷叶螟发生前期四（2）代发生轻于两优培九,中期五（3）代发生重于籼型两优培九。③稻飞虱发生前中期四（2）﹑五（3）代白背飞虱和五（3）代褐稻虱发生较轻,同时茎秆粗壮,耐害性较好,后期六（4）代褐稻虱的发生重于两优培九,由于成熟期较迟还增加了10月份七（5）代的发生为害。④易感稻曲病。针对甬优9号病虫发生特点,在防治策略上调整如下：①放宽甬优9号营养生长阶段的防治指标,发挥甬优9号耐害性强的优点,减少病虫防治次数,保护和利用天敌的生态调控能力。②根据破口期天气情况,做好稻曲病等穗期病害的预防。③抓好穗期3代螟虫﹑褐稻虱的防治,确保丰收。     

高水分稻谷袋式干燥工艺研究

研究了高水分稻谷的袋式干燥工艺,降水效果以及爆腰情况。结果表明,袋式干燥作为两步分段干燥技术的第一步是可行的,在干燥的过程中不需倒袋就可获得好的降水效果,干燥品质好。     

水稻花后物质流转研究进展

作物物质流转是指作物光合产物或贮藏在茎、鞘等器官中的同化物向穗部等库器官的转运,其能力高低称之为作物物质流转力。作物物质流转是作物源、库理论的丰富和发展,物质再流转顺利进行既要有足够的储存库又要有丰富的供给源。水稻产量与稻米品质形成实质上是光合同化物生产及花后物质流转的过程。因此,水稻花后物质积累、再流转过程中生理差异及能力大小,是影响水稻子粒生长、产量和稻米品质的重要因素。本文从作物物质流转理论的发展、水稻花后干物质流转特性、花后碳氮物质流转特性、花后物质流转与品质形成等方面详细综述了前人的研究进展,并展望了水稻物质流转理论研究的发展。     

转基因抗除草剂大豆的效益、潜在风险及其环境安全性评价

自从1996年第一个转基因抗除草剂大豆品种商业化种植以来,转基因大豆在世界范围内迅速推广,2009年种植比例达到77%。转基因大豆的种植在带来巨大经济效益的同时,对环境安全性的潜在风险已受到广泛关注。应用现有生物安全评价知识,建立转基因大豆环境安全性评价技术体系,是减少环境安全风险的重要途径。本文重点对当前转基因抗除草剂大豆的生产、研发、效益、潜在风险及转基因大豆的环境安全评价方法进行概述,为我国转基因抗除草剂大豆的商业化种植提供参考。     

粳稻品质性状间的相关关系研究

采用单因素随机区组试验设计,对16个粳稻品种品质中较为重要的性状进行分析测定,以研究粳稻品质性状间的相关关系.结果表明,碾米品质性状间具有很好的相关性,整精米率是三个碾米品质性状中最重要的指标;垩白率、蛋白质含量影响整精米率;在硬度、黏度和平衡度三个质地性状中,平衡度是最重要的质地性状指标,它能充分反映米饭的食味和外观品质好坏;在3个基本黏度值中,重要性依次为最高黏度＞最低黏度＞最终黏度;在另外4个特征值中,重要性依次为峰值时间＞崩解值＞消减值＞回复值;RVA谱特征值能够充分反映直链淀粉含量高低,其次是米饭食味值、米饭外观和黏度,再其次是米饭硬度,而蛋白质含量与RVA谱特征值无关.     

Identifying and measuring agrarian sentiment in regional Australia

In common with much of the Western world, agrarianism—valuing farmers and agricultural activity as intrinsically worthwhile, noble, and contributing to the strength of the national character—runs through Australian culture and politics. Agrarian sentiments and attitudes have been identified through empirical research and by inference from analysis of political debate, policy content, and studies of media and popular culture. Empirical studies have, however, been largely confined to the US, with little in the way of recent re-evaluations of, or developments from, early work. This paper reports on research that seeks quantitative empirical evidence for the existence of agrarianism in the Australian community and seeks to identify its core characteristics. Using a purpose-designed sub-set of items within a large, omnibus-style survey of regional and rural Australia, we demonstrate that agrarianism exists as a scientifically quantifiable concept identifiable through responses to four key propositions: that Australians should support policies aimed at improving the position of the agricultural industries; that working in agriculture and associated industries brings out the best in people; that agricultural producers make a major contribution to environmental protection and biodiversity conservation; and that the development of agriculture in Australia contributed to the development of the national character. We found very little variation in the degree to which different demographic groupings agree with agrarianism. Older people, farmers, and non-Indigenous Australian-born respondents were among those who were statistically significantly more likely to agree with the defining propositions of agrarianism, but their scores were only very slightly higher than those of other sub-populations in the sample.