鸭副黏病毒的分离与鉴定

从广东省某鸭场的病死番鸭肝脏中分离一株病毒,该病毒对雏鸭、种鸭、蛋鸭均可引起发病。接种鸭胚传至第6代时病毒对鸡红细胞的血凝性稳定,通常在72h开始致死非免疫鸭胚,死亡率为80%。经磷钨酸负染电镜观察,病毒粒子多呈现椭圆形,长轴为167～264nm,短轴为131～139nm,病毒外表有囊膜,囊膜外层有排列整齐的纤突。病毒与禽流感病毒无抗原相关性,能被禽副黏病毒I型阳性血清所中和。根据试验结果,初步将分离的病毒判定为鸭副黏病毒。     

响应面法优化鸡α干扰素工程菌发酵培养基

本研究采用单因素试验和响应面法相结合的方式优化毕赤酵母重组菌的发酵培养基,以提高毕赤酵母发酵液的生物量。首先,通过单因素试验确定最优碳、氮源分别为甘油和NH4H2PO4;然后,采用Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验及Box-Behnken响应面分析并结合Design Expert统计分析软件构建响应方程。利用该方程预测得到最佳培养基配方:甘油46g/L,NH4H2PO414g/L,K2SO418g/L,MgSO415g/L,CaSO41.0g/L,KH2PO45g/L,KOH1.5g/L,初始pH6.96,PTM1盐4.4mL/L。此条件下毕赤酵母发酵后湿重具有最高值为175.54g/L,生物量比优化前提高了50%,并且培养基成本低廉,成分简单,方便调控,适合大规模发酵生产。     

Effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins on serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early‐weaned piglets

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli, chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), may affect early weaned piglet (EWP) intestinal functions and enteric micro‐organisms. One hundred and forty‐eight ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at age day 21, were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets for 14 days. Treatment group one (control group) was fed the base diet. Treatment group two (antibiotics group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 100 ppm colistin sulphate and 15 ppm enramycin; treatment group three (IgY group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 500 mg/kg anti‐E. coli IgY. The study evaluated the effects on EWPs of IgY on growth, serum biochemical, inflammatory profiles and also digestion content intestinal bacterial populations. Results showed no significant difference in diarrhoea rates between IgY‐fed EWPs and antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Serum biochemical analysis showed that EWPs fed an IgY‐containing diet had both lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein compared to antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Escherichia coli populations measured in IgY‐fed EWP ileal contents, compared to the control group, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium populations were unaffected by the IgY treatment. Larger (p < 0.05) Enterococcus populations and lower (p < 0.05) expression levels of heat‐stable enterotoxin b (STb) were observed in IgY‐fed EWP caecal digesta compared to the control group. Enteric Lactobacillus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in EWPs fed antibiotics while it was unaffected by IgY treatment. Dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli IgY has the potential to suppress enteric E. coli growth, but not Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. This promotes and maintains a healthy EWP intestinal environment. These findings suggest that IgY may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in EWP diets.     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.     

Combined microRNAome and transcriptome analysis of follicular phase and luteal phase in porcine ovaries

The aim of this study was to explore the expression difference of miRNAs and mRNAs between the follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in porcine ovaries and provide a theoretical basis for the research on mammalian reproductive regulation. RNA‐Seq and miRNA‐Seq were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between the FP and LP in ovaries of six sows (3‐year‐old Yorkshire pigs with similar weights and same parities). Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential genes and miRNAs related to porcine ovarian function. Real‐time qualitative PCR was used to validate the sequencing results. RNA‐Seq results showed that 3,078 genes were up‐regulated, and 1,444 genes were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP, and DEGs were significantly enriched in 242 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. miRNA‐Seq identified 112 DEMs, of which 25 were up‐regulated and 87 were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP. We obtained 186 intersection genes (IGs) between the 4,522 DEGs and 2,444 target genes predicted from the 112 DEMs. After constructing a miRNA‐gene‐pathway network, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR‐17‐3p, miR‐214, miR‐221‐5p, miR‐125b, FGF1, YWHAG, YWHAZ, FDFT1 and DHCR24, which are enriched in Hippo and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways, and various metabolic pathways. These results indicate that these key genes and miRNAs may play important roles in the developmental transition from FP to LP in porcine ovaries and represent candidate targets for further study.     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取科宝肉鸡商品代1日龄公雏320只,随机分成2个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复20只。处理1饲喂基础饲粮,处理2饲喂基础饲粮+150 g/t NSP复合酶制剂F。1-21 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,22-42 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型饲粮,低温制粒。结果表明,在1-21 d肉鸡的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加NSP酶制剂F对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观利用率无改善作用,而在高杂粕(3%菜粕、3%棉粕和8%DDGS)的玉米-豆粕-杂粕型肉鸡饲粮中添加NSP复合酶制剂F对22-42 d和1-42 d肉鸡生产性能均有改善作用,在一定程度上改善了22-42 d肉鸡饲粮的养分表观利用率。     

大丰麇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性

2010年1～12月,采用样线法对江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区内7种不同生境的鸟类进行了调查。结果如下:共记录到鸟类150种,分属16目43科,其中水鸟56种,分属7目12科。以密度划分鸟类优势种类,优势种21种,常见种53种,稀有种76种。鸟类的区系以广布种为主,占鸟类总数的48.67%,其次为古北界鸟类45种,占30%,东洋界鸟类32种,占21.33%。国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护鸟类14种,占鸟类总数的9.33%。5月和9月鸟类的种类和数量分别出现峰值,为鸟类迁徙的重要时期。不同生境鸟类多样性比较:阔叶林生境最高,为3.488,其次为荒地、狼尾草、白茅、农田、互花米草,多样性分别为3.293、3.185、3.184、3.030和2.857,鱼塘生境最低为2.679。不同季节鸟类多样性比较:春季最高,为3.711,其次为秋季、夏季,多样性分别为3.538和3.381,冬季最低为3.043。     

苹果渣浸液培养嗜酸乳杆菌条件的研究

以苹果鲜渣为原料,利用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵其浸提液,以活菌数为主要指标,通过单因素试验和响应面分析(RSM)对发酵条件进行优化,确定嗜酸乳杆菌发酵苹果渣浸液的最佳工艺条件为:料水比为1:8～1:10,100℃浸提50～60 min,过滤,添加1.56%酵母粉,1.54%乳清粉,发酵28.14 h,活菌数可达到5.24×109 cfu/ml。     

朱鹗雏鸟几种非传染性疾病的原因与防治概述

为做好朱鹛的迁地保护工作,进行人工繁育是短时间内提高种群数量的最有效措施。浙江省德清珍稀野生动物繁育研究中心自2008年从陕西野生动物救护中心引入5对朱鹦,通过5a努力,目前存栏数已达118只,取得了一些成绩,同时也积累了一些经验教训。本文以朱鹦浙江种群的人工繁育工作实践为基础,结合现有的相关文献,对浙江省德清珍稀野生动物繁育研究中心2008—2012年饲养的138只朱鹃雏鸟的非传染性疾病进行了统计分析,同时阐述了其发病原因和防治措施。主要疾病包括：腿部疾病4种（10例,占7．25％）：船桨腿、卷曲趾、关节肿大、皮下气肿;头颈部疾病3种（15例,占10,87％）：交叉喙、长短喙、歪脖子;还有其他疾病3种（5例,占3．62％）：育雏室小气候控制不良引发的疾病、胚胎病或孵化不良引发的疾病、不明原因死亡的疾病。通过分析病因,提出防范措施,为后续的育雏工作提供指导,以避免类似的疾病再次发生,促进朱鹦人工种群的发展,对其他濒危野生鸟类的人工复壮也有一定的指导意义。     

吉林地区规模化猪场不同猪群繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

本试验应用ELISA法对吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场和9个PRRS免疫猪场的后备母猪、生产母猪和5～10周龄的断奶仔猪三个猪群进行了PRRSV抗体检测。结果表明:吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场均受到PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100%,猪群抗体阳性率在50%～75%之间,平均阳性率为62.26%;吉林地区9个PRRS免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在70%～100%之间,平均阳性率为87.78%。PRRS未免疫猪场与PRRS免疫猪场猪群抗体平均阳性率相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。